Overview Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

The Provincetown Playhouse

A

Location of first production of Trifles
Glaspell was a cofounder
Eugene O’Neill (first work produced), John Reed, and Edna St. Vincent Millay all helped start it
National theatre dedicated to artistically innovative and political drama reflecting the explosive arrival of modernism in the US
Due to financial, practical, and philosophical reasons, the plays performed were one act (like trifles)
One act plays were modeled after the Irish Players and the Abbey Theatre. Cook (husband) pushed for this in the playhouse

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2
Q

George Henderson (County Attorney)

A

Antagonist
Young
sexist

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3
Q

Henry Peters (Sheriff)

A

Middle aged

Doesn’t really do much to advance the story

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4
Q

Lewis Hale

A

neighboring farmer
Middle aged
Does little to advance story

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5
Q

Mrs. Peters

A

Mrs. Hale’s partner in crime
Thin woman with a nervous look
Never really knew Mrs. Wright, and barely knew Mrs. Hale

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6
Q

Mrs. Hale

A

Protagonist
Larger and more comfortable looking
Knew Mrs. Wright before she got married

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7
Q

Mrs.Wright (Minnie Foster)

A

The wife who killed Mr. Wright. Never seen.

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8
Q

Trifles setting

A

Early 1900s in the kitchen of the Wright’s abandoned farmhouse
Messy abandoned farmhouse.

The men comment that she must have been a poor wife to keep such a dirty home. Home is a metaphor for their relationship.

Very cold in the house— maybe like the coldness in the relationship

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9
Q

Trifles: Important Visual Images

A

Bird Cage
Found in cupboard
Broken, door ripped off (most likely by Mr. Wright to kill bird)
Symbolizes the bad marriage and low chance escaping

Dead Bird
Found in sewing box
Dead, its neck was wrung (Mr. Wright)
Mrs. Wright used to sing a lot before she was married, bird sings
Sweet and pretty like Mrs. Wright used to be
Husband’s neglect silenced the bird just like the wife

Quilt
Men make fun of the women for observing it (quilting or knotting)
Unfinished by Mrs. Wright
At the end, Mrs. Hale says she was knotting it to the attorney, symbolism towards noose

Fruit Preserves
Men think the spoiled messy preserves were a nice mess
Women feel bad because of how much work she put into them
“Trifles” in title comes from Mr. Hale saying the mess was a trifle and bothered only women

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10
Q

Important Quotes

A

“Come to think of it, she was kind of a bird herself” -Mrs. Hale

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11
Q

Euripides

Medea, 431 BCE

A

Rivals to Aeschylus and Sophocles
As playwrights, all three were also responsible for composing the music, choreographing the dance and staging their plays. Historically, the playwrights were also actors, though Sophocles ended that tradition.

He made tragedies more realistic

He depicted gods and heroes to be more human
The earliest surviving musical document on papyrus is this excerpt from Euripides’ Orestes
The Apostle Paul quotes a line from Euripides in his “First Epistle to the Corinthians” in the Christian Bible.
He was not a fan off war, skeptical of religion, didn’t like fame

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12
Q

Context of Medea, 431 BCE

A

Location of production: Theatre of Dionysus built into side of The Acropolis
Performed during the Dionysia

5 day festival to celebrate the god Dionysus
Procession (parade) and revels (drinking and dancing)

3 Days Performances with a competition between 3 tragic playwrights with three plays and a satyr play.

Assembly
Publicly subsidized
Medea has been whitewashed by western civilization, at the time she would have been pictured as black/dark skinned. She was granddaughter of Helios (god of sun), and blacks were referred to as children of the sun

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13
Q

Characters

Medea

A

Medea
Protagonist
From Colchis, an island in the black sea (outsider in Corinth)
Used to be married to Jason, she has two kids with him

Jason
Antagonist
Engaged to Glauce, left Medea and the children for her

Creon
King of Corinth, father of Glauce
Exiles Medea but allows her to stay 1 extra day to prepare
Glauce
Daughter of Creon, engaged to Jason

Aegeus
King of Athens
Makes oath to house Medea after exile w/out knowing she will kill

Nurse
Caretaker of the house and Medea’s confidant

Tutor
Just watches the children and brings them from place to place

Messenger
Warns Medea to leave after the deaths of the king and princess

Chorus
Women of Corinth, basically narrators of the story, sympathize with Medea

Children
Children of Medea and Jason
2 of them, oblivious about what’s going on

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14
Q

Medea
Staging Elements
Amphitheatre

A

Theatron -Seeing place (the stands where they would watch)

Orchestra- Central to the performance where actors would perform in center circle

Parodos - Entrance and exit on either side of orchestra for actors and chorus members

Skene-A tent like structure. Behind the orchestra it would provide a backdrop to the actors housing the Mechane

Mechane- Machine structure used at the end to resolve plot by lowing a statue of a god onto the stage. The god would resolve the plot. Latin name is Deus Ex Machina (God from Machine).
Used for chariot in Medea, Euripides was famous for using it in unconventional ways

Ekkyklēma- Would have depicted the deaths off stage and would have been wheeled on as tableau

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15
Q

Medea Structure/Genre

A

Drama, Tragedy
Differs though from regular tragedies because Medea doesn’t get a Hamartia

Hamartia- A tragic flaw, or a mistake in judgement
This usually causes the downfall of the character
Euripides makes it seem like she has one, but in the end of the story she is the only one that is fine after the 4 deaths
The hamartia does not cause Medea’s downfall

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16
Q

Medea Setting

A

Corinth, Greece

In front of Jason and Medea’s home

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17
Q

Important Visual Images

Medea

A

The delicate robe and garland worked in gold
The poisoned presents given to Glauce
The Argo
Ship that Jason and his crew take to get the golden fleece

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18
Q

Fences

August Wilson

A

Born in Pittsburg 1945

1978 moves to Minneapolis becomes associated with playwrights center

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19
Q

Context
(Arthur Miller Crucible Death of a salesman) Tragedy of the Common Man, Tragedy is now about the every man instead of a god or hero, this makes it more relatable as in Death of a Salesman. (Democratized Tragedy)
Lorraine Hansberry wrote A raisin in the sun, went to wisconsin.
Both of these influenced fences. In home drama and democratization of Tragedy.
Examined the african american community by decade
Great Migration
6 Million African Americans migrate from the U.S. South between 1915-1970

A

Context
(Arthur Miller Crucible Death of a salesman) Tragedy of the Common Man, Tragedy is now about the every man instead of a god or hero, this makes it more relatable as in Death of a Salesman. (Democratized Tragedy)
Lorraine Hansberry wrote A raisin in the sun, went to wisconsin.
Both of these influenced fences. In home drama and democratization of Tragedy.
Examined the african american community by decade
Great Migration
6 Million African Americans migrate from the U.S. South between 1915-1970

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20
Q

Jim Bono

A

best friend of Troy
Looks up to troy and drinks with him every Friday (payday)
Troy and Bono work together on the sanitation truck
Bono leaves troy when he jeopardizes his marriage. His wife and Rose are friends. Also because Troy got a different position (driver)

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21
Q

Troy Maxson

A

Garbage Man
Wants to be promoted to drive garbage truck. He and Bono are garbage men
He is promoted but he and bono grow apart because of it.
Doesn’t want Cory pursuing football he could never play baseball because of his race.
Cheats on his wife with Alberta, she dies in childbirth
Signs Gabe into the hospital and takes the money

22
Q

Rose Maxson

A

Troy’s Wife

23
Q

Gabriel Maxson

A

Troy’s brother.
Damaged by the second world war, has a plate in his head

Adamantly believes he is the angel gabriel
Receives Disability benefits.

Troy puts him in an institution and takes half of his check
Often shook down by police for his wealth and abused by kids on the street.

24
Q

Alberta

A

Troy’s mistress
Has Troy’s kid
Dies in childbirth

25
Lyons
Troy’s son 34 years old Musician
26
Fences Structure/Genre Drama Modern Tragedy
Structure/Genre Drama Modern Tragedy
27
Fences Setting
Story begins in 1950’s but ends in the year 1965 In Pittsburg like all of the plays in the series with the exception of one. Maxon’s dirt yard/porch, infers that they are poor
28
Actions and Motivations of Central Characters | Troys hamartia
Troy dedicates himself to a course of action that he thinks is right, despite mounting evidence to the contrary. Troy misses the mark by doing the wrong thing for what he thinks are the right reasons
29
Important Visual Images/ Symbols | Fences
The fence Rose- build it to keep people in (loved ones) Troy- builds it to keep things out Death Cory (after their fight) Blue Troy’s dog when he was young In a buncha songs Baseball Serves as a symbol for the exclusion of blacks from the country’s social and cultural institutions Troy played and was excluded from major leagues due to color Gabe’s old trumpet Carries around, plays at end and no sound comes out so he dances opens up heaven's gate ``` Raynell’s Garden Nothing grew in the garden yet Symbol towards Troy’s shadow? After death, Raynell is seed, she will grow Baseball Bat ``` Cory uses to attack Troy Struggle over it, Troy takes it away, Cory moves out
30
Atsumori, | Zeami
Son of famous playwright Kanami He took noh in a poetic direction Yugen- sad, elegant, mysterious beauty Use of ghosts Infuses haiku Actor, head of his dad’s old acting troupe, and playwright Became buddhist monk towards the end of his life Banished to remote island of Sado by shogun
31
Atsumori Context
Noh was performed at Shinto festivals | Intertextually related to tale of the Genji (Rensho) vs Heike (Atsumori)
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Atsumori Characters
``` Shite: Atsumori/Grasscutter Act 1 grasscutter unmasked, Act 2 Atsumori masked One who asks Protagonist Waki: Kumagai/Rensho One who watches Counterpart or foil of the Shite Killed Atsumori in battle Kyogen: A local man Kyogen preformed interludes Companions Two or three other maskless grass cutters Chorus 8-10 members Seated stage left Musicians A flute and two hand drums Seated back of the stage Attendants Seated back of the stage, stage right ```
33
Atsumori Plot/Subplot
Act One: The story is inferred, referenced. Interlude: The Kyōgen tells the story Act Two: The story is relived by Atsumori and Kumagae.
34
Staging Elements | Atsumori
Mirror room hidden where actors would prepare and change costume Bridge to main open stage Backdrop of tree on stage Drums and Flute in back and Chorus to the side of the stage Audience sits stage right and in front Stage is roofed Backstage left-- small door where actors/chorus exits
35
Structure/Genre | Atsumori
Kyogen is a comedic interruption Noh drama performed as an interlude
36
Setting | Atsumori
Ichinotani- place where Atsumori is killed | Suma Bay
37
Twelfth Night William Shakespeare Context
Theater had been deemed anti christian. Tertullian Human enjoyment is an offense to god, Catharsis is dangerous Theater goes underground. Theater sinks into christian ritual by 800 and theater is resurrected through the church. They perform a number of miracle plays which became particularly gore intense Morality plays came about with allegorical plots Psychomachia pure medieval and christian allegory focusing on struggle between good and evil. Mankind is pushed and pulled by virtues. Performed before the death of Elizabeth predicted the rise and revenge of protestantism on the theater.
38
Setting | Twelfth night
Illyria- A fictional setting meant to be heavenly. Shakespeare could safely criticize the nobility.
39
Olivia
Wealthy Illyria Nobel being courted by Orsino | Falls for Cesario or Viola disguised
40
Orsino
A powerful Nobel in love with Olivia | Hires Viola as Cesario as his page
41
Viola
Stuck in Illyria she disguises herself as Cesario a young man. She quickly gains favor of Orsino and becomes his page. She loves Orsino
42
Malvolio
Steward to Olivia He is lead to believe Olivia is in love with him Dresses up fooled by maria and sir toby in yellow stockings and makes a fool of himself Confined to dark room at end A puritan used to mock protestantism in lower classes
43
Sir Toby
Olivia’s uncle who along with Maria lives with Olivia
44
Sir Andrew Aguecheek
Friend of Sir Toby asked to Court Olivia | Doesn’t stand a chance
45
Feste
The fool who is often abused by the upset characters | He seems to be the wisest
46
Sebastian
Viola’s lost twin brother. | Olivia Marries him upon his arrival thinking him Cesario
47
The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895 | Oscar Wilde
Influenced by Walter Pater Controversial Oxford professor who was a renowned essayist, novelist, and an art and literary critic Wilde fell under his influence at Oxford Aestheticism that subverts the status quo and ideas of human progress. The movement begins in France and is, again, associated with Gautier, as well as Baudelaire. Poetry, art and books alone can create new worlds. This is reflected in Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, where the young protagonist has been “poisoned” by a book. Salomé First serious play Stopped by British Lord Chamberlain First premiered in Paris when Wilde was in jail
48
Context | The Importance of being Earnest
Stage Revolution: Electric Lighting Candle to oil Oil to gas light Gas to electricity The Development of Restoration Drama, of which the Comedy is the most significant Epigram- a rhetorical device that produces a succinct, intriguing, and surprising satirical statement.
49
Characters | The Importance of being Earnest
``` John Worthing (Earnest/Jack ) Algernon Moncrieff Gwendolen Fairfax Cecily Cardew Jack’s 18 year old hot ward Lady Bracknell Algernon’s Aunt, Gwen’s mother Miss Prism Looks after Cecily with Jack Finds out she lost Jack as a baby Relationship with Rev. Chasuble Thomas Cardew Takes in orphan Jack ```
50
The Importance of being Earnest | Plot/Subplot Epigram
``` Comic Conflicts: Mistaken identity Marriage Conflict between generations Comic Business: Feasting (appetite) Instant plot development Inversion/sendup of societal norms ```
51
The Importance of being Earnest Staging Elements Structure/Genre Setting
``` Staging Elements Electric lighting Structure/Genre Drama Comedy Satire Setting London (Act I) Hertfordshire, England a rural county not far from London (Acts II and III) 19th century, Victorian Era ```
52
Important Visual Images | The Importance of being Earnest
Ernest and Bunbury Both fake people Symbolizes the deciet of the Victorian Era (only thing that matters is class wealth and style) “Earnest” was possibly a Victorian code word for homosexual. The Norton seems insistent, but this remains debatable. John Gambril Nicholson’s “Earnest” poem would have been known by Wilde. Bunburying” was later adopted as a code term, but it is difficult to know how Wilde decided on it. But certainly it connotes disguise and deceit: two well-known survival mechanisms. The handbag in the cloakroom at Victoria Station, the Brighton Line The handbag has a recognizable scuff Jack was left there by Mrs. Prism as a baby, found by Thomas Cardew Food Always source of conflict Cucumber sandwiches Bread and butter Muffins Cake Cecily’s Diary and Miss Prisms 3 Volume Novel Prism lost baby Jack trying to publish Novel Jack’s Army list Father’s name is Ernest