Overview of LE Flashcards by Nayla Mansoor

What are the bones of the lower extremity

Os Coxae
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
7 tarsals
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges (toe has proximal and distal only )

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the regions of the Tibia

medial and lateral tibial condyles
shaft
medial malleolus of the tibia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the regions of the fibula

head
shaft
lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What bone bears most of the weight in the leg

Tibia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of joint is the hip joint

Acetabulum and head of femur have a ball and socket synovial joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the talus articulate with

distal tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of joint is the knee joint

femoral and tibial condyles have a hinge joint (SOME medial and lateral rotation)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of joint is the Talocrural(ankle) joint

hinge joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of joint is the subtler joint

talus and calcaneus have a synovial joint capable of inversion and eversion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are metatarsophalangeal joints

synovial joints between metatarsals and phalanges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What movements are the MTP joints capable of

Flexion (toes towards the ground)
Extension (toes away from ground
Abduction (move away from 2nd digit)
Adduction (move towards 2nd digit)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are interphalangeal joints

Hinge synovial joints between phalanges 
Can be PIP (proximal to middle phalange)
or DIP (middle to distal phalange)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What movements are the IP joints capable of

Flexion (toes away from the ground)

Extension (toes towards the ground)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is found in the superficial fascia of the LE

cutaneous nerves, SF veins, lymph, fat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is found in the deep fascia of the LE

dense connective tissue, similar to elastic stocking

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the regions of the deep fascia in the LE

Thigh: Fascia lata
Leg: crural fascia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the fascia lata attached to

Inguinal ligament, pubis, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, ischia tuberosity

What opening in the fascia lata is inferior to the inguinal ligament

Saphenous opening

great saphenous vein and associated vessels pass through

What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata

Iliotibial tract (which is attached to tensor fascia latae)

What intermuscular septa arise from fascia lata

3, which attach to linea aspera diving thigh into anterior, medial, and posterior compartments

What intermuscular fascia arise from the crural fascia

2, which attach to fibula (along with interosseous membrane) which divide leg into anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments
Another fascia divides posterior into SF and deep

What does the crural fascia become distally, near the ankle joint

It thickens to become extensor, flexor, and fibular retinacula

Where does the great saphenous vein run

dorsal aspect of foot, anterior to medial malleolus
ascend along medial leg and thigh
enter saphenous opening in fascia lata
drain into femoral vein

What is the saphenous cut down procedure

Access to saphenous vein anterior to medial malleolus to administer fluids and meds quickly in obese, infants, and dehydrated patients (collapsed veins)

What are great saphenous grafts used for

Coronary bypass surgery (CABG) it is accessible, walls have muscular and elastic fibers, there are long distances between tributaries

What is the path of the Small saphenous vein

arises from lateral foot posterior to lateral malleolus enter popliteal fossa drain into popliteal vein

What are the major Deep veins of the LE

popliteal vein deep vein of the thigh femoral vein

What are perforating veins

Veins connecting superficial to deep veins, containing valves to make sure blood only flows SF to deep

How do we prevent blood from pooling in the legs

- Musculovenous pump: when muscles contract, blood un deep veins is propelled to femoral and external iliac veins - Valves in the deep veins prevent reflux of blood inferiorly

What are varicose veins

When valves in the perforating veins malfunction leading to back flow of blood from deep to superficial, distending SF veins

Where does the SF gluteal region drain lymph

SF glutes-->SF inguinal nodes-->external iliac-->common iliac-->lumbar nodes-->chyle cistern-->thoracic duct

Where does the deep gluteal region drain lymph

deep gluteal-->superior/inferior gluteal nodes-->internal iliac nodes-->common iliac nodes-->lumbar nodes-->chyle cistern-->thoracic duct

Where do SF thigh/leg/foot with great saphenous vein drain lymph

Drain into SF inguinal nodes-->external iliac nodes-->common iliac etc.

Where do SF thigh/leg/foot with small saphenous vein drain lymph

popliteal nodes-->deep inguinal nodes-->external iliac nodes-->common iliac nodes etc.

What makes up the Lumbar plexus

``` Iliohypogastric (L1) Ilioinguinal (L1) Genitofemoral (L1-L2) Lateral cutaneous of thigh (L2-L3) Obturator (L2-L4) Femoral (L2-L4) ```

What makes up the Sacral plexus

``` Lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5) Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal Sciatic (L4-S3) Pudendal (S2-S4) ```

What is the course of the sciatic nerve

Exits greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis | Enters gluteal region (does not innervate glutes)

What is the course of the pudendal nerve

Exits greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis Goes around ischial spine Enters lesser sciatic foramen Enters pudendal canal

What is the course of the obturator nerve

Emerge medial to posts major | exit obturator canal

What is the course of the femoral nerve

Emerge lateral to psoas major