Pelvis II

Question 1

What can be palpated vaginally in the female

Answer 1

The

Question 2

What can be palpated rectally in the male and female

Answer 2

Male: prostate, seminal vesicle
Female: vagina

Question 3

In which pouch does fluid usually collect (Female)

Answer 3

the rectouterine pouch

Question 4

What pouches are present in males and females

Answer 4

Male: Rectovesical
Female: vesicouterine, rectouterine

Question 5

What type of organs are the female pelvic organs

Answer 5

Uterus: intraperitoneal
Ovaries: intraperitoneal (open directly to peritoneal cavity)

Question 6

What are the remnants of the gubernaculum in females

Answer 6

ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus.

It is tethered to the labia and pulls the ovaries down from the posterior abdominal wall

Question 7

What is the broad ligament

Answer 7

a double layer of peritoneum that tethers the uterus to the lateral walls and floor
It flips forward during development bringing ovaries forward

Question 8

Where do ureters enter the pelvis

Answer 8

near the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels

Question 9

Where do the ureters run

Answer 9

posterior to the uterine artery/ductus deferens

“water under the bridge”

Question 10

What has a potential for damage during a hysterectomy

Answer 10

Ureters, because they run inferior to the uterine artery

Question 11

What is the median lobe of the prostate associated with

Answer 11

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 12

What is the posterior lobe of the prostate associated with

Answer 12

prostatic carcinoma

Question 13

What allows the bladder to extend superiorly along the abdominal wall

Answer 13

Retropubic space (extra-peritoneal)

Question 14

What can benign prostatic hypertrophy lead to

Answer 14

• Urine leakage due to stretched internal urethral sphincter
• Increased desire to void due to pressure on trigone
• Difficulties voiding due to obstructed urethra

Question 15

What is significant about the bladder in infants and adults with distended bladders

Answer 15

The bladder is superior to the pubic symphysis, so a suprapubic incision will not enter the peritoneal cavity

Question 16

What is the “seat belt sign”

Answer 16

the seat belt can lead to collapsed urinary bladder, causing urine leakage in the peritoneal cavity

Question 17

What innervation does the detrusor receive

Answer 17

Parasympathetic to stimulate contraction

Question 18

What innervation does the internal urethral sphincter receive

Answer 18

Sympathetic to stimulate contraction

Question 19

What innervation do pelvic organs receive

Answer 19

Parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic)
Sympathetic (lumbar/sacral splanchnic TO superior/inferior hypogastric ganglia)
Visceral sensory

Question 20

What innervation do ovaries and testis receive

Answer 20

sympathetic (thoracic splanchnic TO superior mesenteric ganglion)

Question 21

What innervation do ovaries and testis receive

Answer 21

sympathetic

Question 22

What route does visceral sensory from the pelvis follow

Answer 22

Superior to the pelvic pain line: sympathetic

Inferior to pelvic pain line: parasympathetic

Question 23

What muscles control micturition

Answer 23

Detrusor muscle, internal urethral sphincter

Question 24

What is the path of an oocyte

Answer 24

Expelled into peritoneal cavity from ovary. Picked up by fimbriae, travels through the uterine tubes and implants on the endometrium

Question 25

What happens if the oocyte if it is not picked up the the fimbriae

Answer 25

it can implant outside the endometrium and lead to ectopic pregnancy

Question 26

What is the path of spermatozoa

Answer 26

created in seminiferous tubules, to rete testis, to efferent ductules, to epididymis, to ductus deferens, to ejaculatory duct, to prostatic urethra

Question 27

What forms the ejaculatory duct

Answer 27

The ampulla of the ductus deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle

Question 28

What is the most common place for ectopic pregnancy

Answer 28

Uterine tubes

Question 29

What are the tissue of the uterus

Answer 29

Myometrium (smooth muscle- expands dramatically) | Endometrium (implantation)

Question 30

What are the regions of the uterus

Answer 30

Fundus Body Cervix (internal and external os)

Question 31

What lies at the end of the vagina and before the external os

Answer 31

The lateral, anterior, and posterior fornices

Question 32

What is significant about the posterior fornix

Answer 32

it leads directly to the rectouterine pouch and can be used to examine the peritoneal cavity

Question 33

What ligaments are found in the female pelvis

Answer 33

Suspensory ligament of the ovary Round ligament of the uterus Ovarian ligament

Question 34

What is a hydrocele

Answer 34

Fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis

Question 35

What covers the testis

Answer 35

tunica albuginea

Question 36

How is a vasectomy preformed

Answer 36

By making an incision in the superior scrotum to expose and ligate the dictum deferens

Question 37

What is the seminal vesicle

Answer 37

thin walled tubes coiled between rectum and bladder that secrete fluid with spermatozoa

Question 38

What is the seminal vesicle

Answer 38

thin walled tubes coiled between rectum and bladder that secrete fluid with spermatozoa

Question 39

What is Complete Androgen Insensitivity (CAIS)

Answer 39

they are born with XY, but cell receptors do not respond to androgens. They are phenotypically female with incompletely descended testicles, WITHOUT uterus, cervix, or fallopian tubes

Question 40

What is Complete Androgen Insensitivity (CAIS)

Answer 40

they are born with XY, but cell receptors do not respond to androgens. They are phenotypically female with incompletely descended testicles, WITHOUT uterus, cervix, or fallopian tubes

Question 41

Where is the pelvic pain line located

Answer 41

inferior limit of peritoneum., at the Midpoint of sigmoid colon

Question 42

What organs lie in between the pelvic pain line and therefore both visceral pathways are used

Answer 42

bladder, uterus, rectum