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Medicine - Foundation > Overview Of Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Overview Of Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Joint

A

Site where 2 bones meet

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2
Q

Structural classification of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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3
Q

Fibrous joints

A
  1. Sutures (skull)
  2. Syndesmoses (tibia-fibular joint)
  3. Gomphoses (tooth sockets)
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4
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A
  1. Synchondroses (primary cartilaginous joint)

2. Symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joint)

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5
Q

Components of synovial joint

A
  1. Articulate cartilage
  2. Fibrous capsule
  3. Synovial membrane
  4. Synovial fluid
  5. Reinforcing ligaments
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6
Q

Types of reinforcing ligaments

A
  1. Capsular (hip joint)
  2. Extracapsular (shoulder joint)
  3. Intracapsular (knee joint)
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7
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  1. Plane joint (intercarpal joint)
  2. Hinge joint (elbow joint)
  3. Pivot joint (proximal radio-ulnar joint)
  4. Condyloid joint (metacarpo-phalangeal joint)
  5. Saddle joint (Carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb)
  6. Ball and socket joint (shoulder joint)
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8
Q

Plane joint (example)

A

Intercarpal joint

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9
Q

Hinge joint (example)

A

Elbow joint

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10
Q

Pivot joint (example)

A

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

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11
Q

Condyloid joint (Example)

A

Metacarpo-phalangeal joint

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12
Q

Saddle joint (Example)

A

Carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb

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13
Q

Ball and socket joint (Example)

A

Shoulder joint

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14
Q

Axis of joint movements

A
  1. Nonaxial
  2. Uniaxial
  3. Biaxial
  4. Multiaxial
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15
Q

Nonaxial

A

Only slipping is possible

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16
Q

Uniaxial

A

Movement in 1 plane

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17
Q

Biaxial

A

Movement in 2 planes

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18
Q

Multiaxial

A

Movement around all three planes

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19
Q

Plane joint (Movement)

A

Nonaxial

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20
Q

Hinge joint (Movement)

A

Uniaxial

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21
Q

Pivot joint (Movement)

A

Uniaxial

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22
Q

Condyloid joint (Movement)

A

Biaxial

23
Q

Saddle joint (Movement)

A

Biaxial

24
Q

Ball and socket joint (Movement)

A

Multiaxial

25
Q

Muscle attachment

A

By thick collagen fibres
Bundle: tendon
Flat sheet: aponeurosis

26
Q

Origin

A

Proximal end of muscle remains fixed during contraction

27
Q

Insertion

A

Distal end of muscle is movable

28
Q

Muscle arrangement

A

Muscle has to cross the joint if it is to move the joint

29
Q

Functional classification of muscles

A
  1. Prime movers (agonists)
  2. Antagonists
  3. Synergists
30
Q

Prime movers (agonists)

A

Provides major force for a specific movement

31
Q

Antagonists

A

Oppose or reverse the specific movement

32
Q

Synergists

A

Helps the prime mover by adding force

33
Q

Movement of joints

A
  1. Gliding movements
  2. Angular movements
  3. Rotation
  4. Special movements
34
Q

Gliding movements

A

1 flat surface glides over another

eg. Intercarpal joints

35
Q

Angular movement

A

Increase/decrease angle between the 2 bones

36
Q

Types of angular movement

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
37
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease the angle

Flexor muscles

38
Q

Extension

A

Increase the angle

Extensor muscles

39
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline

Abductors

40
Q

Adduction

A

Moving towards the midline

Adductor S

41
Q

Circumduction

A

Combination of all the above

42
Q

Rotation

A

Turning of the bone around its long axis

43
Q

Types of rotation

A
  1. Medial rotation

2. Lateral rotation

44
Q

Medial rotation

A

Towards the midline

Medical rotators

45
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Away from the midline

Lateral rotators

46
Q

Special movements

A
  1. Pronation & supination
  2. Inversion & eversion
  3. Protraction & retraction
  4. Elevation & depression
  5. Opposition
47
Q

Pronation and supination

A

Rotation of radius around ulna

Pronators & supinators

48
Q

Inversion and eversion

A

Sole of the foot turns medially or laterally

Invertors or evertors

49
Q

Protraction & retraction

A

Anterior and posterior movements of the mandible

Protractors and retractors

50
Q

Elevation and depression

A

Moving up or down
Eg. Shoulder & mandible
(Elevators & depressors)

51
Q

Opposition

A

Thumb to tips of other fingers

Opponens

52
Q

Blood supply of joints

A

From arteries surrounding joint

Articular arteries -> anatomising network

53
Q

Nerve supply of joints

A

From the nerves supplying muscles which cross the joint (Hilton’s law)

Medicine - Foundation (10 decks)

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