Overview Of Musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Joint

Answer 1

Site where 2 bones meet

Question 2

Structural classification of joints

Answer 2

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 3

Fibrous joints

Answer 3

1. Sutures (skull)
2. Syndesmoses (tibia-fibular joint)
3. Gomphoses (tooth sockets)

Question 4

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

1. Synchondroses (primary cartilaginous joint)

2. Symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joint)

Question 5

Components of synovial joint

Answer 5

1. Articulate cartilage
2. Fibrous capsule
3. Synovial membrane
4. Synovial fluid
5. Reinforcing ligaments

Question 6

Types of reinforcing ligaments

Answer 6

1. Capsular (hip joint)
2. Extracapsular (shoulder joint)
3. Intracapsular (knee joint)

Question 7

Types of synovial joints

Answer 7

1. Plane joint (intercarpal joint)
2. Hinge joint (elbow joint)
3. Pivot joint (proximal radio-ulnar joint)
4. Condyloid joint (metacarpo-phalangeal joint)
5. Saddle joint (Carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb)
6. Ball and socket joint (shoulder joint)

Question 8

Plane joint (example)

Answer 8

Intercarpal joint

Question 9

Hinge joint (example)

Answer 9

Elbow joint

Question 10

Pivot joint (example)

Answer 10

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 11

Condyloid joint (Example)

Answer 11

Metacarpo-phalangeal joint

Question 12

Saddle joint (Example)

Answer 12

Carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb

Question 13

Ball and socket joint (Example)

Answer 13

Shoulder joint

Question 14

Axis of joint movements

Answer 14

1. Nonaxial
2. Uniaxial
3. Biaxial
4. Multiaxial

Question 15

Nonaxial

Answer 15

Only slipping is possible

Question 16

Uniaxial

Answer 16

Movement in 1 plane

Question 17

Biaxial

Answer 17

Movement in 2 planes

Question 18

Multiaxial

Answer 18

Movement around all three planes

Question 19

Plane joint (Movement)

Answer 19

Nonaxial

Question 20

Hinge joint (Movement)

Answer 20

Uniaxial

Question 21

Pivot joint (Movement)

Answer 21

Uniaxial

Question 22

Condyloid joint (Movement)

Answer 22

Biaxial

Question 23

Saddle joint (Movement)

Answer 23

Biaxial

Question 24

Ball and socket joint (Movement)

Answer 24

Multiaxial

Question 25

Muscle attachment

Answer 25

By thick collagen fibres Bundle: tendon Flat sheet: aponeurosis

Question 26

Origin

Answer 26

Proximal end of muscle remains fixed during contraction

Question 27

Insertion

Answer 27

Distal end of muscle is movable

Question 28

Muscle arrangement

Answer 28

Muscle has to cross the joint if it is to move the joint

Question 29

Functional classification of muscles

Answer 29

1. Prime movers (agonists) 2. Antagonists 3. Synergists

Question 30

Prime movers (agonists)

Answer 30

Provides major force for a specific movement

Question 31

Antagonists

Answer 31

Oppose or reverse the specific movement

Question 32

Synergists

Answer 32

Helps the prime mover by adding force

Question 33

Movement of joints

Answer 33

1. Gliding movements 2. Angular movements 3. Rotation 4. Special movements

Question 34

Gliding movements

Answer 34

1 flat surface glides over another | eg. Intercarpal joints

Question 35

Angular movement

Answer 35

Increase/decrease angle between the 2 bones

Question 36

Types of angular movement

Answer 36

1. Flexion 2. Extension 3. Abduction 4. Adduction

Question 37

Flexion

Answer 37

Decrease the angle | Flexor muscles

Question 38

Extension

Answer 38

Increase the angle | Extensor muscles

Question 39

Abduction

Answer 39

Moving away from the midline | Abductors

Question 40

Adduction

Answer 40

Moving towards the midline | Adductor S

Question 41

Circumduction

Answer 41

Combination of all the above

Question 42

Rotation

Answer 42

Turning of the bone around its long axis

Question 43

Types of rotation

Answer 43

1. Medial rotation | 2. Lateral rotation

Question 44

Medial rotation

Answer 44

Towards the midline | Medical rotators

Question 45

Lateral rotation

Answer 45

Away from the midline | Lateral rotators

Question 46

Special movements

Answer 46

1. Pronation & supination 2. Inversion & eversion 3. Protraction & retraction 4. Elevation & depression 5. Opposition

Question 47

Pronation and supination

Answer 47

Rotation of radius around ulna | Pronators & supinators

Question 48

Inversion and eversion

Answer 48

Sole of the foot turns medially or laterally | Invertors or evertors

Question 49

Protraction & retraction

Answer 49

Anterior and posterior movements of the mandible | Protractors and retractors

Question 50

Elevation and depression

Answer 50

Moving up or down Eg. Shoulder & mandible (Elevators & depressors)

Question 51

Opposition

Answer 51

Thumb to tips of other fingers | Opponens

Question 52

Blood supply of joints

Answer 52

From arteries surrounding joint | Articular arteries -> anatomising network

Question 53

Nerve supply of joints

Answer 53

From the nerves supplying muscles which cross the joint (Hilton's law)