OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 1

this system protects the body against disease causing pathogens and toxic substances

Answer 1

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 2

diseases-causing organisms or substances

Answer 2

PATHOGENS

Question 3

these include bacteria, protozoans, fungi, worms, viruses

Answer 3

PATHOGENS

Question 4

some of these can overcome the body’s internal defenses and compromise the immune system

Answer 4

pathogens and cancer cells

Question 5

the instance that the immune system overreacts is called what

Answer 5

ALLERGY

Question 6

the instance that the immune system overreacts AND attacks its own tissues is called what

Answer 6

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

Question 7

refers to the ability of the body to destroy foreign or dangerous macromolecules

Answer 7

IMMUNITY

Question 8

the study of internal defense systems of humans and other animals

Answer 8

IMMUNOLOGY

Question 9

cells of the immune system communicate directly by means of what

Answer 9

CELL SIGNALING

Question 10

TWO TYPES OF IMMUNITY or IMMUNE RESPONSE

Answer 10

INNATE IMMUNITY

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 11

this type of immunity provides immediate and broad protection against pathogens, parasites and even cancer cells

Answer 11

INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 12

this type of immunity prevents pathogens from entering the body through the mouth, intestines, or other epithelial tissues

Answer 12

INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 13

can skin be considered as a part of the immune system?

Answer 13

YES

Question 14

these two are nonspecific defenses by the innate immune system that are used against bacteria that penetrate our outer defenses

Answer 14

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES and PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 15

this type of immunity has INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES and PHAGOCYTOSIS as nonspecific defenses

Answer 15

INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 16

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY is also called what?

Answer 16

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

Question 17

this type of immunity is also called as ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

Answer 17

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 18

this type of immunity is a highly specific defense of the body against macromolecules

Answer 18

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 19

this type of immunity recognizes foreign molecules (ANTIGENS) and produces highly specific proteins (ANTIBODIES) to combat it

Answer 19

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 20

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY recognizes foreign molecules (________) and produces highly specific proteins (________) to combat it

Answer 20

ANTIGENS; ANTIBODIES

Question 21

what is it called when the adaptive immune system remembers specific antigens causing it to respond more effectively if the body encounters the same molecules

Answer 21

IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

Question 22

this type of immunity makes use of our body’s IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

Answer 22

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 23

these organisms prevent infection through a tough EXOSKELETON or with MUCUS

Answer 23

INVERTEBRATES

Question 24

the recognition of NONSELF depends on _____________ in the plasma membrane of its cells

Answer 24

PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS (PRR)

Question 25

these recognize certain chemical compounds on the surface of bacteria and other microbes

Answer 25

PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS (PRR)

Question 26

PRRs recognize certain chemical compounds called _________ on the surface of bacteria and other microbes, which stimulate our immune responses

Answer 26

PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS (PAMPs)

Question 27

what happens when PRRs on PHAGOCYTES bind with PAMPs?

Answer 27

innate immune responses such as inflammation are activated

Question 28

this happens when the body recruits WBCs and plasma proteins from the blood to the site of an infection

Answer 28

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

Question 29

these peptides inactivate or kill pathogens by punching holes in their plasma membranes or interfering with their cell walls

Answer 29

ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (AMPs)

Question 30

an example of these is DEFENSIN

Answer 30

ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (AMPs)

Question 31

receptors recognize pathogens and activate the _____________, producing antimicrobial proteins

Answer 31

signal transduction pathways

Question 32

how are ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (AMPs) produced during attack

Answer 32

receptors recognize pathogens and activate the signal transduction pathways

Question 33

ECHINODERMS and TUNICATES have what

Answer 33

differentiated WBCs with limited functions

Question 34

for these organisms, the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE is used initially, before turning to the ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Answer 34

VERTEBRATES

Question 35

this system found in vertebrates includes specialized white blood cells and clusters of cells such as the LYMPH NODES

Answer 35

THE LYMPATHIC SYSTEM