Overview of the structures of the endocrine system lecture 4 Flashcards
(52 cards)
We usually contrast nervous system structures with endocrine structures. But certain nervous system cells act as endocrine cells and certain endocrine tissues are derived from ______________.
neural ectoderm
Nerve cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream are called _______________
NEUROSECRETORY CELLS
In humans, neurosecretory cells are found in the ________________.
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY GLAND prospers name is ______________
Hypophysis
Location of the pituitary gland Small but complex appendage that sits at ______________ – in the ___________– most median depression in the medial cranial fossa of the ______________.
1) the base of the brain 2) Sella Turcica 3) sphenoid bone
Pituitary lies just inferior to _____________.
hypothalamus
Hypothalamus and Pituitary connected by stalk containing ____________ and ______________.
1) nerve fibers 2) blood vessels
the Pituitary gland is composed of two lobes ________________ and _______________.
1) ANTERIOR PITUITARY 2) POSTERIOR PITUITARY
The pituitary Fossa sits in the ____________
Sella turcica
infundibulum is like a
funnel that connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Hypothalamus is an _____________, so it is innervated by the brain, and derived from _____________.
1) outgrowth of brain
2) neural ectoderm
Posterior Pituitary is made out of neural tissue so that’s why it is called _____________. it is an outgrowth of hypothalamus so it is derived from neural ectoderm.
1) Neurohypophysis
2) hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary is made of Glandular tissue so that’s why it’s called ______________. it develops as a superiorly directed outgrowth of ____________, derived from ____________.
1) Adenohypophysis
2) roof of mouth
3) ectoderm ( comes from epithelium –> stratified squamous epithelium )
HYPOTHALAMUS and PITUITARY GLAND
INNERVATION: ______________
Arterial Supply: __________________
Venous Drainage: _________________
1) BRAIN
2) circulus arteriosus cerebri ( Cerebral arteriole circle ) (any brain structure)
3) cavernous venous sinus ( Cavernous sinus )
Hypothalamic hormones are enclosed in vesicles that move down the axon and accumulate near terminal ends that are touching the _________________________
capillaries of the posterior pituitary
NOTE we aare talking about the posterior pituitary
In response to an action potential– hormones are released from vesicles (much like a neurotransmitter), into_______________ instead of synaptic clefts.
venous capillaries
______________ and _____________ are manufactured in the hypothalamus, but released in the posterior pituitary
1) Oxytocin
2) Vasopressin
Hypothalamic hormones that are Released by Adenohypophysis are enclosed in vesicles that move down the axon and accumulate near terminal ends that are close to the ___________________
pituitary stalk (infindibulum) NOT THE CAPPILLARIES.
NOTE WE ARE TALKING ABOUT THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY
In response to an action potential– hormones are released from vesicles (much like a neurotransmitter), in this case into a circulatory structure called the______________( also known as ____________________m)
1) pituitary portal system
2) hypophyseal portal system
ALSO KNOWN AS the hypothalmic hypophyseal portal system
the Pituitary portal system is connected to a cappilary bed located in the
INFINDIBULUM
Most hormonal interactions of the hypothalamus-pituitary(anterior) complex follow a common pattern:
- A hypothalamic hormone effects control over the secretion of an ____________________;
- The corresponding anterior pituitary hormone controls secretion of the hormone of another _____________; and
- That secretion of that gland affects other target ___________.
1) anterior pituitary hormone
2) endocrine gland
3) tissues/organs
Hypothalamic hormones can have the effect of ___________ or _____________ the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
Called _____________ or __________________.
1) stimulating
2) inhibiting
3) RELEASING HORMONES
4) INHIBITING HORMONES
HORMONES MANUFACTURED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS and their (FUNCTIONS) pt 1
OXYTOCIN - 1)_________, 2)_____________, 3)___________.
VASOPRESSIN (ADH) – 4)___________________
RELEASING HORMONES – 5)____________________
INHIBITING HORMONES – 6)______________________
1) initiates labor
2) stimulates mammary glands to release milk
3) Stimulates uterine contractions in activities other than labor
4) decreases urine output by increasing DCT and collecting duct permeability.
5) stimulate release of anterior pituitary hormones.
6) inhibit release of anterior pituitary hormones.
