Oxygen Transport

Question 1

goals of cardiopulmonary PT

Answer 1

reverse / mitigate insults to 02 transport

reduce need for med interventions

Question 2

components of 02 transport

Answer 2

tissue, heart, airway/lungs

Question 3

how is blood carried

Answer 3

plasma, or combined w hemoglobin (98%)

Question 4

how many 02 molecules can hemoglobin transport

Answer 4

4

Question 5

cooperative binding

Answer 5

hemoglobin affinity for 02 increases as is saturation increases

Question 6

hemoglobin alternated by

Answer 6

P02
(dec in PH
increase in temp, Pc02, DPG)

Question 7

what do these factors do to hemoglobin

Answer 7

decrease affinity , release more 02 to mm

Question 8

Bohr effect

Answer 8

curve shifts right (increase in 02 unloading)

Question 9

what makes less 02 rerelease, altering hemoglobin

Answer 9

inc PH

dec temp Pc02 DPG

Question 10

if less 02 released which way curve

Answer 10

left

Question 11

why big drop in pressure from 150 to 103 mmHg

Answer 11

pa02 is a balance between two forces
addition to 02 from ventilation
removal of 02 by blood flow

Question 12

8 steps in 02 cascade

Answer 12

inspire 02
airawwys
lungs
diffuse
perfuse
myocardial funciton 
peripheral circumstances
tissue extraction

Question 13

inspire 02 effected by

Answer 13

geography (air quality)

altered CNS, efferent pathways

Question 14

chronic irruption of lungs leads to

Answer 14

allergies, inflammation reactions

Question 15

airway narrowing caused by

Answer 15

edema mucus lesions objects

Question 16

obstructed airways ___ run compliance and airway resistance

Answer 16

increase

Question 17

how is gas exchange compromised

Answer 17

time constraints

Question 18

perfect lug would have what

Answer 18

equal alveolar ventilation and cardiac output

Question 19

why can’t we have perfect lungs

Answer 19

gravity

Question 20

are bases or top of lungs more perfused

Answer 20

base

Question 21

starling effect (myocardial function )

Answer 21

blood to heart determined amount ejected

Question 22

cardiac output determined by

Answer 22

aortic pressure needed to get over peripheral resistance

Question 23

what regulated SBP ( peripheral circulation)

Answer 23

arterials

Question 24

limiting factors to tissue extraction

Answer 24

quality / quantity of mitochondria
electron transport chain
myoglobin

Question 25

how to diagnose 02 transport limitations

Answer 25

determine steps in pathway prioritize importance of steps in pathway what can PT help based on these, apply interventions

Question 26

threats to 02 transport in lungs

Answer 26

ineffective breathing pattern airways clearnace lung fluid chest wall

Question 27

threats to 02 transport in blood

Answer 27

anemia

Question 28

threats to 02 by gas exchange

Answer 28

pulmonary edema | body position

Question 29

threats to 02 transport via mm

Answer 29

weak fatigue neuro mm disease upper ab surgery

Question 30

threats to 02 via heart

Answer 30

dec venous return/ CO conduction / mech defect abnormal after load

Question 31

threats to 02 via systemic hemodynamics

Answer 31

BP | volume deficit/ excess

Question 32

threats to 02 vis tissue perfusion

Answer 32

impaired CO | low 02 in blood

Question 33

internveiton heir achy to manage 02 transport limitations

Answer 33

``` mobilization/exericse body posiion breathing controsl coughing maneouvers energy conservation ROM psotural drainage manual technique suction ```

Question 34

why alveolar graph lower than ventricular

Answer 34

dead space in alveolar

Question 35

does respiratory system limit exercise

Answer 35

generally no its overbuilt for 02/co2 transport | in highly trained, yes limits (can't adapt to exercise)

Question 36

Exercise induced arterial hypoxemia

Answer 36

venitilation / perfusion mismatching arterio-venous shunting (elite male endurance) arterial 02 desaturation 3-4% below resting

Question 37

hypoventilation

Answer 37

alveolar ventilation below the rate needed to maintain blood gas levels

Question 38

inadequate compensatory hyperventilation

Answer 38

PaCo2 > 35mmHg

Question 39

another names for inadequate hyperventilatory compensation

Answer 39

alveolar hypoventilation

Question 40

mechanisms for inadequate hyper ventilatory compensation

Answer 40

blunted drive to breathe (reduce chemrsensitivity) technical constraints (expiratory limitations)

Question 41

Removal of EFL via He02 breathing _____ VE, ____ PaC02, ____ pa02

Answer 41

increase reduce increase

Question 42

mechanisms for EIAH

Answer 42

perfusion mismatch (Va/Q) arterio venous shunts pulmonary cap disequilibrium

Question 43

inflow > outflow does what to Ca02

Answer 43

increase

Question 44

inflow < outflow does what to Ca02

Answer 44

decrease

Question 45

VaQ high is

Answer 45

inflow > outflow

Question 46

Va/Q low is

Answer 46

inflow < outflow

Question 47

types of arterio venous shunts

Answer 47

extra and intra pulmonary

Question 48

extra pulmonary shunt

Answer 48

deoxygenated blood bypasses lungs to left atrium

Question 49

What does extra pulmonary shunt do to Pa02, sa02, ca02

Answer 49

decrease

Question 50

does extra pulmonary shunt contribute to EIAH

Answer 50

unlikely

Question 51

intra pulmonary shunt

Answer 51

deoxy blood through lungs doesn't participate in pulmonary gas exhange dilutes arterial blood

Question 52

whats intra pulmonary shunt do to pa02, sa02 ca02

Answer 52

decrease

Question 53

do intra pulmonary shunts affect gas exchange during exercise

Answer 53

minor role in exercise gas exchange

Question 54

determiants of alveolar cap diffusion disequilirbuim during exercise

Answer 54

decreased transit time of RBC in pulmonary caps | increased distance for diffusion

Question 55

diffusion limitations

Answer 55

Blood gas barrier

Question 56

function of blood gas barrier

Answer 56

pulmonary gas diffusion withstand high cap wall stress with exercise thin, strong

Question 57

Physiological consequences of EIAH

Answer 57

dec Pa02, sa02, 02 delivery | fatigue

Question 58

whens threshold of EIAH to influence exercise performance

Answer 58

when sa02 decreases 3-4% below resting