oxygenation

Question 1

*External respiration is __________________________

Answer 1

O2 and CO2 exchange in the lungs

Question 2

*Internal respiration is __________________________

Answer 2

capillary-tissue gas exchange and involves the
exchange of O2 and CO2 in the body cell’s/ blood

Question 3

*what is hypoxia
*s/s of hypoxia

Answer 3

*low oxygen levels in tissues
*apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrate, declining LOC, dizziness, confusion, behavioral changes, orthopnea, nasal flaring
*↑respiratory and heart rate
*headache
*late signs: cyanosis, clubbing of the fingers

Question 4

what’s hypoxemia and what are s/s

Answer 4

*inadequate oxygen in the blood
*central cyanosis- tongue, soft palate, conjunctiva

Question 5

What is the difference in the “drive to breathe” for a ‘normal’ person versus one who has COPD?

Answer 5

*For the “normal” person, it’s primarily the level of CO2 in the blood
*With COPD it’s primarily lower levels of oxygen in the blood or hypoxic state

Question 6

what’s peak flow?

Answer 6

*Used to measure how well lungs are working by measuring the amount of air exhaled with a forceful breath
*Expressed in L/min
*Allows day to day measurements and comparisons

Question 7

Sites to monitor with a pulse ox?

Answer 7

Adults – finger, earlobe, nose, forehead
Infants – foot, heel, toe

Question 8

purpose of Spirometry?

Answer 8

*SMI/Inspirex
*promotes deep breathing
*prevent or treat atelectasis
*Strengthens lungs
*For lung expansion
*Use 5 – 10 times an hour while awake
*Allow rest periods

Question 9

purpose of Nebulizers?

Answer 9

*medication is delivered by small aerosolized droplets that can be inhaled deeply into the lungs

Question 10

Nasal cannula

Answer 10

*flow 0.5 – 6 L/ min
*~24- 44%
*used the most/first

Question 11

Oxymask

Answer 11

*1-15L/min
*(24% - 90%)
*Cost effective- one device at multiple delivery rates of oxygen

Question 12

Simple face mask

Answer 12

*flow 5– 10 L/min
*40 – 60%
*Can make patient feel claustrophobic, watch for skin breakdown
*Do not use with flow rates less than 5 LPM

Question 13

Venturi mask

Answer 13

*flow 4 – 12 L/min
*24% - 50%
*Delivers precise amounts of oxygen, uses dial type barrel
*COPD

Question 14

Partial rebreather

Answer 14

*flow 6– 10/15L /min,
*50 – 80/90%
*Reservoir bag, needs to stay 1/3 to ½ full with inspiration

Question 15

Nonrebreather

Answer 15

*6–10/15 L/min
*70 – 95% (some say up to 100%)
*one-way valve keeps exhaled air from entering the reservoir bag, bag needs to stay 1/3 to ½ full with inspiration

Question 16

Face tent

Answer 16

*8 – 12L/min,
*30 – 55%
*very humidified
*Watch for fluid build up in tubing and skin breakdown

Question 17

Tracheostomy collar or T-piece

Answer 17

*4 – 10L/min
*24 – 100%,
*usually must humidify (unless well established tracheostomy)
*Watch for fluid build up in tubing

Question 18

Oxygen hood

Answer 18

*infants
*21 – 100%
*used to deliver warm, humidified oxygen to infant’s head who are breathing on their own but need help with oxygenation

Question 19

Oxygen tent

Answer 19

*10 – 15L/min
*30%
*protect client from getting cold

Question 20

For adults, oral suction should be set to ________

Answer 20

*100- 150 mm Hg

Question 21

what size suction catheter should be used for an adult?

Answer 21

12 – 18 French

Question 22

what size suction catheter should be used for a child?

Answer 22

8 – 10 French

Question 23

what size suction catheter should be used for infants?

Answer 23

5- 8 French

Question 24

critical items to have at the bedside of a patient with a new tracheostomy?

Answer 24

*Suction equipment
*Oxygen delivery device with humidification
*An obturator (used to insert the trach tube)
*A trach tube the same size as currently in and one a size smaller
*A bag valve mask (Ambu bag)
*sterile gauze to block trach’s hole PLUS an occlusive dressing

Question 25

room air is __% oxygen

Answer 25

21%

Question 26

For every 1 liter of oxygen you add on, you add on ___ of oxygen

Answer 26

*3%
*1L = 24%
*2L = 27%, etc.

Question 27

Once you hit __ liters/min, turn on HUMIDITY!

Answer 27

4 liters

Question 28

what’s a cuff trach for?

Answer 28

For someone with a lot of secretions to prevent aspiration

Question 29

where can you hear lung sounds (bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular)?

Answer 29

bronchial: up around trachea
bronchovesicular: ~2nd intercostal space, sternal borders
vesicular: everywhere else in lungs