Oxygenation

Question 1

Oxygenation:

Answer 1

part of Maslow’s

Question 2

Adequate oxygenation of tissue is dependent upon intact:

Answer 2

cardiovascular and respiratory systems working together to oxygenate tissues

Question 3

The right lung:

Answer 3

3 lobes

Question 4

The left lung:

Answer 4

2 lobes (room for the heart)

Question 5

Upper Respiratory Tract:

Answer 5

warms and filters air

Question 6

Lower Respiratory Tract:

Answer 6

conducts the air, production of pulmonary sulfactant, and mucus cilliary clearance

Question 7

Inspiration:

Answer 7

air movement into the lungs

Question 8

Expiration:

Answer 8

air movement out of the lungs

Question 9

Diaphragm:

Answer 9

primary muscle for inspirtation

Question 10

Ventilation:

Answer 10

movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 11

Diffusion:

Answer 11

movement of gases between air spaces and the bloodstream

Question 12

Transportation:

Answer 12

movement of blood into and out of the lungs to the organs and tissues of the body

Question 13

Perfusion:

Answer 13

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide for cellular metabolism

Question 14

If the heart beats to fast or to slow:

Answer 14

the ability to pump oxygen to cells can be interrupted

Question 15

Cellular Respiration:

Answer 15

produces ATP

Question 16

Interruption of blood flow to the myocardium can be caused by:

Answer 16

narrowing of the arteries in the form of atherosclerosis, spasms, or congenital malformation of the arteries

Question 17

Oxygen is carried by:

Answer 17

hemoglobin

Question 18

Blood Clot Formation:

Answer 18

may result in a total lack of blow flow to a portion of the myocardium and result in a myocardial infarcation

Question 19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: (COPD)

Answer 19

general term used for a group of disorders characterized by impaired airflow in the lungs (which includes asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis)

Question 20

Pulse Oximetry:

Answer 20

measures oxygen saturation in arterial blood

Question 21

Pulse Oximetry normal and abnormal ranges:

Answer 21

normal- 95-100% at least 90

abnormal- below 85%

Question 22

Physical Assessment (Inspection):

Answer 22

shape/symmetry
trachea
pallor
fingernail clubbing
respiration rate
sputum 
distress
edemao

Question 23

Tactile Fremitus:

Answer 23

palpable vibration transmitted through the chest wall that occurs with the movement of the vocal cords during speech (patient says 99)

Question 24

COPD patients will have:

Answer 24

decreased tactile fremitus

Question 25

Percussion Sounds:

Answer 25

``` lungs------->resonant emphysematus lungs------->hyper-resonant bone------>flat organs------>dull stomach------->tympanic ```

Question 26

Adventitious:

Answer 26

abnormal

Question 27

This part of the stethoscope will give the most information:

Answer 27

the bell

Question 28

Emphysema:

Answer 28

retention problem------>air that can't get out

Question 29

Chronic Bronchitis:

Answer 29

obstructive problem------>cillia are damaged, so the mucus can't be cleared out

Question 30

When the body does not get enough oxygen:

Answer 30

it makes more RBC's in order to transport oxygen. (levels can get so high the patient needs to be drained)

Question 31

Cyanosis:

Answer 31

bluish discoloration of the skin related to deoxygenation of hemoglobin, a decreasing oxygen saturation level, and a feeling of distress

Question 32

Asthma:

Answer 32

bronchoconstriction------->can't get air out like emphysema

Question 33

Pneumonia:

Answer 33

infection in the lungs------>monitor gas exchange and maintain a patent airway

Question 34

Atelectasis:

Answer 34

collapse of lung tissue in the distal part of the lung-----> encourage adequate ventilation with deep breathing exercises to prevent atelectasis.

Question 35

Focused cardiopulmonary assessment:

Answer 35

performed on any patient with symptoms of decreased oxygenation, SOB activity intolerance, or history of cardiac or respiratory problems

Question 36

Bronchial Sounds: (normal)

Answer 36

heard over the main bronchi, inspiration is less than expiration

Question 37

Bronchovesicular Sounds: (normal)

Answer 37

heard posterior between the scapulae; anterior around the upper sternum in the first two intercostal spaces, inspiration=expiration

Question 38

Vesicular Sounds: (normal)

Answer 38

heard over most of the lung fields, inspiration is greater than expiration

Question 39

Rhonchi Sounds:

Answer 39

heard over large airways------>caused by spasms or more commonly mucus secretions. example- straw

Question 40

Crackles (Rales) Sounds:

Answer 40

heard over lung fields-----> cause is increase in interstitial lung water or deflated alveoli popping open, high-pitched, discontinuous, static-like. example- bubble wrap

Question 41

Wheezes:

Answer 41

heard over lung fields and airways-----> cause by narrow airways. example balloon

Question 42

Pleural Friction Rub:

Answer 42

dry, grating------>caused by inflammation. example- sand paper

Question 43

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC):

Answer 43

volume of air that the patient can forcefully expire after the maximum amount of air is breathed in

Question 44

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV):

Answer 44

measures the volume of air expired in 1 second from the beginning of the FVC

Question 45

Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF):

Answer 45

measures the maximal flow rate that is attained during the middle of the FVC maneuver

Question 46

Residual Volume

Answer 46

amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration (can't get it out)

Question 47

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):

Answer 47

the volume of air that remains in the patient's lung after normal expiration

Question 48

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR):

Answer 48

uses a peak flow meter to estimate the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled

Question 49

Pleural Effusion:

Answer 49

excess fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 50

Pericardial Effusion:

Answer 50

fluid around the heart

Question 51

Electrocardiogram:

Answer 51

measurement of the electrical activity of the heart

Question 52

Arrhythmias

Answer 52

abnormal rhythms of the heart

Question 53

Echocardiogram:

Answer 53

heart ultrasound

Question 54

Cardiac Catheterization:

Answer 54

when coronary arteries need to be visualized using contrast media. used to evaluate chest pain, locate the region of coronary artery occlusion and determine the effect of valvular heart disease

Question 55

Thoracentesis:

Answer 55

procedure of entering the pleural cavity and aspirating fluid: is performed at the bedside

Question 56

Dyspnea Management:

Answer 56

physical techniques: raise head of bed oxygen therapy: appropriate meds: bronchodilators psychosocial techniques

Question 57

Hypoxia:

Answer 57

inadequate blood oxygen levels in the tissues

Question 58

Hypoxemia:

Answer 58

low oxygen levels in the blood

Question 59

Does oxygen require an order?

Answer 59

yes