P: Two Process Model

Question 1

What is the two process model (Hobart Mowrer 1960)

Answer 1

Abnormal behaviour is learned in the same way as normal behaviour through
Classical conditioning (association)
Phobias maintained through operant conditioning (consequences/reinforcement)

Question 3

Classical conditioning

Answer 3

When two stimuli occur at the same time this produces a response even when the stimuli no longer occur together
Learn by association

Question 4

Little Albert
Watson and Rayner (1920)

Answer 4

Conditioner baby to be scared of animals by associating them with sound of hammer crashing down onto steel bar (classical conditioning)

Question 5

Operant conditioning

Answer 5

We learn through the consequences of our actions
If behaviour is rewarded (positively reinforced) we are likely to repeat it
If punished (negatively reinforced) we are less likely to repeat it

Question 6

Example of two process model with phobia

Answer 6

Avoid phobic stimulus
Successfully escape fear and anxiety

Reduction in fear
Reinforces avoidance behaviour
Phobia is maintained