A/B: Behaviorist Approach Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the main focus of the behaviourist approach in psychology?
The behaviourist approach focuses on observable behaviours and the ways they are learned through interaction with the environment.
True or False: The behaviourist approach considers internal mental states.
False
Who is considered the founder of behaviourism?
John B. Watson
Fill in the blank: __________ is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments.
Operant conditioning
What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
Which experiment is associated with classical conditioning?
Pavlov’s dogs experiment
Define reinforcement in the context of operant conditioning.
Reinforcement is any consequence that strengthens the behaviour it follows.
What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement involves adding a pleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour, while negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour.
What is punishment in operant conditioning?
Punishment is any consequence that weakens the behaviour it follows.
True or False: Behaviourists believe that all behaviour is learned.
True
What did B.F. Skinner contribute to the behaviourist approach?
B.F. Skinner developed the concept of operant conditioning and conducted experiments using the Skinner box.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a key concept of behaviourism? A) Observation B) Cognition C) Conditioning D) Reinforcement
B) Cognition
What is the role of the environment in the behaviourist approach?
The environment is seen as a key factor in shaping behaviour through stimulus-response associations.
Fill in the blank: In behaviourism, __________ refers to the process of learning through association.
Conditioning
What is the purpose of a Skinner box?
A Skinner box is used to study operant conditioning by allowing researchers to observe the behaviour of animals in a controlled environment.
True or False: Behaviourism has been criticized for ignoring mental processes.
True
What is observational learning?
Observational learning is a process of learning by watching others and imitating their behaviour.
Who is associated with the concept of social learning theory?
Albert Bandura
Short answer: List one application of the behaviourist approach in therapy.
One application is systematic desensitization for treating phobias.
What is the behaviourist view on free will?
Behaviourists generally deny the existence of free will, arguing that behaviour is determined by environmental factors.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a limitation of the behaviourist approach? A) Overemphasis on nature B) Lack of empirical support C) Ignoring mental processes D) Emphasis on observable behaviour
C) Ignoring mental processes
Fill in the blank: __________ conditioning involves learning through the consequences of behaviour.
Operant
What is the term for a stimulus that naturally elicits a response?
Unconditioned stimulus
True or False: Behaviourism has influenced educational practices.
True
