(P1 A)spoken language Flashcards
What are features of spoken language?
grammatically dense
spontaneous
body language hesitation
slang
volume
pitch
accents
a what are features of written language?
lexically dense
impressive vocab
titles
punctuation
organised
fonts
standard language
what does halliday say about spoken vs written language?
they offer different perspectives of reality
spoken is dynamic and happening
written is abstract metaphorical
in spoken language what is the field?
subject matter
what it refers to in the real world
what does mode mean in spoken language?
framing of the interaction and how it presents itself
what does tenor mean in spoken language?
relationship between participants in discourse
what is physical context in spoken language?
where a convo is taking place
objects present
actions occurring
anything in immediate area
what is epistemic context in spoken language?
what the speaker already knows about the world
what is linguistic context in spoken language?
what has been already said
what is social context in spoken language?
social relationship amongst speakers and listeners
What is pragmatic theory?
how speakers use language to achieve their goals and how listeners interpret the meanings
What does Paul grice say about cooperation theory?
conversation is kept going by those involved and it relies on the four maxims:
quality
quantity
relevance
manner
What is dialect in spoken language?
variety of english and how it differs in grammar, phonology and lexus
What is sociolect in spoken language?
variety of language associated with social groups
what is idiolect in spoken language?
dialect of an individual person
What does Goffman mean by face theory?
everyone has a metaphoric face which they want to protect ( their public reputation)
How did brown and levison develop Goffmans face theory?
positive politeness-> gesture of friendship, compliments shows they are liked and admired
negative politeness-> avoiding intruding on other peoples lives, indirect and respectful
What are the functions of spoken language?
-referential= provid information
-expressive=express speakers feelings
-transactional=getting something done
-interactional=social relationship between the participants
-phatic=small talk
how is speaker identity an influence on spoken language?
regional origin
socio economic status
occupation
gender
ethnic identity
age
group membership (gang)
how is context an influence on spoken language?
audience- form of address, status
setting- formality
topic- field specific lexis
purpose
what lexis is used in spontaneous speech?
-vocab= less formal, colloquial expressions, slang, contractions
-phatic expressions= ‘pleased to meet you’
-deictic expressions= can’t be understood unless context of area is known ‘now’ ‘then’ ‘here’ ‘these’
what are features of grammar in spontaneous speech?
-interrupted constructions= one construction abandoned in favour of another
-disjointed constructions= ‘he knows about computers- how to fix them’
-incomplete constructions= words or grammatical elements missing
-non-standard grammar= informal
what are the phonological features of spontaneous speech?
stress
intonation
volume
what are the NFF present in spontaneous speech?
fillers
filled pauses
unintentional repetition
false starts
