P1 - motion, forces, energy (energy, work done, power)

Question 1

law of energy conservation

Answer 1

-energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
-total energy is constant

Question 2

name the 9 energy types

Answer 2

-thermal
-chemical
-nuclear
-light
-electricity
-kinetic
-sound
-gravitational potential
-elastic potential

Question 3

unit for energy

Answer 3

joules ( J )

Question 4

4 ways of energy transfer

Answer 4

-mechanical work done
-electrical work done
-heating
-wave

Question 5

explain mechanical work done energy transfer

Answer 5

an applied force

Question 6

explain electrical work done energy transfer

Answer 6

difference in charge causing electrical charges to move

Question 7

explain heating energy transfer

Answer 7

due to difference in temperature

Question 8

explain wave energy transfer

Answer 8

wave is transferred as radiation

Question 9

word, symbol and units of KE equation

Answer 9

kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2
KE = 1/2mv^2
KE = J
m = Kg
v = ms^-1

Question 10

word, symbol and units of GPE equation

Answer 10

Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x change in height
GPE = mgh
GPE = J
m = Kg
g = 9.8Nkg^-1
h = meters

Question 11

definition of work done

Answer 11

transferring energy by mechanical or electrical pathways

Question 12

word, symbol and units of work done equation

Answer 12

work done = force x distance
w = Fd
w = J
F = N
d = meter
-work out the direction of the force before finding which distance to use

Question 13

define power

Answer 13

energy / work done per unit time

Question 14

word, symbol and units of power equation

Answer 14

power = useful energy / time
power = useful work done/ time
P = E/w / t
P = E (energy)/ w(work done)
t = seconds

Question 15

word equation of efficiency

Answer 15

efficiency = useful output/ total input x 100%
-no units
-uses for energy/ power

Question 16

what diagram is use to show efficiency

Answer 16

sankey diagram

Question 17

define non-renewable source of energy

Answer 17

energy that is being used faster than it is made (unsustainable)

Question 18

define renewable source of energy

Answer 18

energy that is made faster than used

Question 19

name 4 non renewable sources of energy

Answer 19

-fossil fuel - coal, oil, gas
-nuclear fission- uranium

Question 20

name 9 renewable sources of energy

Answer 20

-wind
-hydroelectric dams
-tidal
-wave
-solar - solar cells, solar thermal collectors
-biofuel
-geothermal

Question 21

what does the sun do

Answer 21

-radiates energy
-source of energy for except nuclear, tidal, geothermal

Question 22

where is nuclear energy from (uranium)

Answer 22

earth’s core

Question 23

where is geothermal energy from

Answer 23

earth’s core

Question 24

how are fossil fuels used & energy transfer

Answer 24

-burned to produce energy
-chemical, thermal, kinetic, electrical

Question 25

how is nuclear fission of uranium used & energy transfer

Answer 25

-the atom is split and releases energy in form of heat and radiation -chemical, thermal, kinetic, electrical

Question 26

how are wind resources used & energy transfer

Answer 26

-get energy from wind using mechanical power to spin a generator -kinetic, electrical

Question 27

how are hydroelectric dams used & energy transfer

Answer 27

-converts GPE in water in reservoir into KE to turn the turbine -GPE, kinetic, electrical

Question 28

how are wave resources used & energy transfer

Answer 28

-KE of wave turns turbines -kinetic, electrical

Question 29

how are tidal resources used & energy transfer

Answer 29

-KE of tides turns turbines -kinetic, electrical

Question 30

how are biofuel resources used & energy transfer

Answer 30

-heat biomass to produce energy -chemical, thermal, electrical

Question 31

how are geothermal resources used & energy transfer

Answer 31

-steam from underground reservoirs turn turbines -thermal, kinetic, electrical

Question 32

how are solar panels used & energy transfer

Answer 32

-trap light -light, electrical/ thermal

Question 33

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: hydroelectric

Answer 33

A - low greenhouse gas emissions A - affordable source of electricity D - displaces people and animals of their habitat D - cause drought downstream

Question 34

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: tidal

Answer 34

A - high density energy - store lots energy in small mass A - no gas emission D - specific site requirements D - expensive installment

Question 35

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: wind

Answer 35

A - low priced energy source A - no air and water pollution D - produce noise D - birds collide, interference with bats sonar navigation

Question 36

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: wave

Answer 36

A - no greenhouse emission A- high density energy D - high installation cost D - impact marine life - costal corrasion

Question 37

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: geothermal

Answer 37

A - always available A - silent D - air and water pollution D - specific location

Question 38

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: solar

Answer 38

A - reduce electricity bills A -renewable D - require sunlight D - unable to remove once installed

Question 39

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: biofuel

Answer 39

A - sustainable A - reduce dependency on foreign oil D - disrupt life cycle D - lots of water consumption

Question 40

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: nuclear

Answer 40

A - low carbon energy source A - happen in any weather D - generates leaking waste D - radiation

Question 41

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: fossil fuel

Answer 41

A - high density energy A - oil and gas can be transported through pipelines D - emit greenhouse gas D - air pollution