P3 - waves (general wave properties, electromagnetic spectrums) Flashcards by Amrita Rana

2 types of waves

-longitudinal
-transverse

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where is most and least number of particles in longitudinal wave

-most: compression
-least: rarefaction

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define oscillations

-max displacement of a wave
(vibrations)

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what are the oscillations in a transverse and longitudinal wave to direction of wave motion

-transverse: perpendicular to direction of wave motion
-longitudinal: parallel to direction of wave motion

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how to the particles vibrate in transverse and longitudinal

-transverse: up and down
-longitudinal: right and left

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define amplitude

max displacement between the peak/ trough and position of equilibrium

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define equilibrium

position where displacement is 0

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what is wave length in transverse and longitudinal

-transverse: distance btw 2 adjacent peaks/ troughs
-longitudinal: distance btw 2 adjacent rarefactions/ compressions

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which wave type requires a medium to travel through and why

-longitudinal
-need matter to compress and rarefy to propagate to direction of wave travel

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what can direction of wave motion also be called

direction of energy transfer

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define a wave

-disturbance that transfers of energy without transferring matter away form source

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label parts of a longitudinal wave

-rarefaction
-compressions
-direction of wave motion/ energy transfer

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what are transverse waves over on their diagrams

distance or time

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what is the top and bottom parts of a transverse wave called

-peak/ crest
-trough

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label parts of a transverse wave

-peak/ crest
-trough
-position of equilibrium
-amplitude

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what is oscillations in transverse

from peak to trough

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eg of longitudinal waves

-sound
-Seismic P wave

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eg of transverse waves

-water waves
-Seismic S (secondary) wave
-electromagnetic spectrum

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define period

time taken for 1 wave length

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define frequency

number of wave lengths per second

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what is Frequency measured in

-Hertz
-Hz

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what is period measured in

-seconds
-s

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what is the frequency of electricity

50- 60 Hz

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define wave speed

speed which wave travels in

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formula for wave speed

V = fλ V= velocity (ms^-1) f=frequency (Hz) λ= wave length (m)

formula for period

T = 1/ f T= time (s) f= frequency (Hz)

what is λ

-lambda -wave length

how to change Km/h to m/s

-multiply by 1000 -divide by 3600

standard form in order

nano- 10^-9 kilo- 10^3 mega- 10^6 Giga- 10^9

sound wave: -type of wave -how produced -medium or not?

-longitudinal; mechanical -by vibration objects -need medium

can sound travel through a vacuum

-no -no particles in a vacuum

how does the frequency of sound change as it travels

its constant

how does the wave speed vary depending on states of matter for mechanical waves

-solid: fastest; most densely packed medium -liquid -gas: least; particles are far apart -vacuum: no motion; no particles

speed of all electromagnetic waves

3 x 10^8 ms^-1

how does pitch change as frequency changes

-more frequency, higher pitch

how does loudness change as amplitude changes

-more amplitude, more loudness

can electromagnetic wave travel through vacuum

yes; all as same speed

formula to find distance

v= d/t v= velocity (ms^-1) d= distance (m) t=time (s)

how does wave length affect pitch

-shorter wave length, more frequency, higher pitch

frequency of animal hearing

below 20Hz (infrasound)

frequency of human hearing

20- 20 000Hz

frequency of bat hearing

20 000- 1MHz (Ultrasound)

what does UV stand for

Ultra Violet light

what are y-rays

gamma rays

define echoes

reflected sound

designing experiment for sound

-person with cymbal and another with stopwatch with 100m btw -cymbals clashes and person starts timer and ends when they hear sound -works because of diff. speed of light and sound

designing experiment for echo

-1 person with cymbals and another with stopwatch 350m in front of a wall -start stopwatch when cymbals clash and end when hear sound again

what happens to the distance in echos

doubled

does sound travel faster in cold or warm air

cold; more dense

does sound travel faster in solids or gas

solids; more dense

how is sound heard around conners

sound is diffracted

define an oscilloscope

apparatus that converts longitudinal waves to transverse waves

what happens to sound waves when they strike a hard surface

some is: -absorbed -reflected -refracted -transmitted

define wave front

-set of all locations in a medium where the wave is at the same place -imaginary surface representing points in a wave that are in the same phase of their cycle -peaks of waves -lines are equal

can electromagnetic waves travel in vacuum- at what speed

yes, 3 x 10^8

waves in electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing frequency

-radio -micro -inferred -visible light -Ultra Violet (UV) -X- rays -Gama rays (y- rays)

waves in electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wave length

-Gamma rays (y- rays) -X- rays -Ultra Violet (UV) -Visible light -inferred -micro -radio

what happens to frequency as wave length of electromagnetic waves increase

increased wave length, less frequency

what does high frequency in electromagnetic waves mean

high energy

uses for radio waves

-radio transmission -TV transmission -Radar -Wifi -bluetooth -(is diffracted by hills)

uses for micro waves

-Satellite TV -microwave ovens -mobile phones

uses for inferred waves

-TV remoter controllers -projector controller -thermal imaging -inferred cameras

uses for visible light waves

-vision -photography

uses for UV rays

-detect forged bank notes -in sunlight -(cause fluorescence)

uses for X- rays

-medical scanning -airport security scanning

uses for Gamma rays

-detect cancer -cancer treatment -(can pass through dense metals)

what is the relationship btw energy, wave length,frequency and pitch for electromagnetic waves

high energy, less wave length, more frequency, higher pitch

harmful effects of UV, X- rays, Y- rays

UV: cause skin cancer, eye problems X-rays & Y- rays: cause cell mutations, damage cell

4 properties of electromagnetic waves

-transverse waves -3 x 10^8 ms^-1 speed -partly electrical, partly magnetic -all travel through vacuum

colours in visible light starting with lowest frequency/ longest wave length

-ROYGBIV -Red -Orange -Yellow -Green -Blue -Indigo -Violet

how is speed changed from deep to shallow water

decrease in speed

define ultrasound

sound with frequency higher than 20 000Hz

uses for ultrasound

-pregnancy scans

define infrasound

sound with frequency lower than 20Hz

speed of sound in temps of air

warm air - fast v cold air - slow v

P3 - waves (general wave properties, electromagnetic spectrums) Flashcards

(75 cards)