P1 Section A (Language and Representations)

Question 1

implied reader

Answer 1

implied reader is a constructed image of an ideal reader

Question 2

implied writer

Answer 2

implied writer is a constructed image of an ideal writer

Question 3

discourse community

Answer 3

a discourse community is a group of people with shared interests and beliefs who are likely to respond to texts in similar ways.

Question 4

representation

Answer 4

representation is the portrayal of events, people and circumstances through language and other resources (like sound and images) to create a way of seeing the world

Question 5

audience positioning

Answer 5

audience positioning is the assumptions made in a text about its readers backgrounds and values in order to guide them to an interpretation

Question 6

mode

Answer 6

mode is the physical channel of communication like writing or speech

Question 7

context

Answer 7

context is the temporal and spatial situation in which a text is received or produced, e.g during WW2

Question 8

instrumental power

Answer 8

instrumental power is power used to maintain and enforce authority

Question 9

influential power

Answer 9

influential power is power used to influence or persuade others

Question 10

what are wareings three types of power?

Answer 10

wareings 3 types of power include - political, personal and social group.

Question 11

what is wareings political power

Answer 11

wareings political power is power held by politicians and police and those who work in law courts

Question 12

what is wareings personal power

Answer 12

wareings personal power is power held as a result of occupation eg a teacher.

Question 13

what is wareings social group power

Answer 13

wareings social group power is held as a result of social variable like age, class and gender.

Question 14

Faircloughs 4 types of power

Answer 14

faircloughs 4 types of power are knowledge, practical, positional and personal power.

Question 15

what is faircloughs knowledge power

Answer 15

faircloughs knowledge power is using knowledge and ideas to influence

Question 16

what is faircloughs personal power

Answer 16

faircloughs personal power is using power to influence people through personality

Question 17

what is faircloughs positional power

Answer 17

faircloughs positional power is power gained from position

Question 18

what is faircloughs practical power

Answer 18

faircloughs practical power is power through physical actions, violence, skill, money, goods and services

Question 19

what is power in discourse

Answer 19

power in discourse is ways in which power is manifested through language (lexical choices)

Question 20

what is power behind discourse

Answer 20

power behind discourse focuses on social and ideological reasons behind the use of power

Question 21

typography

Answer 21

typography is the font type, colours, underlining etc

Question 22

iconic sign

Answer 22

an iconic sign is a direct picture of the thing it represents

Question 23

a symbolic sign

Answer 23

a symbolic sign draws on association or connotation

Question 24

antonym

Answer 24

antonym is words that have the opposite

Question 25

hyponymy

Answer 25

hyponymy is a hierarchy of meaning of words from general to specific

Question 26

collocation

Answer 26

collocation are words that are often seen together

Question 27

euphemism

Answer 27

euphemism is a more socially acceptable word for a taboo topic

Question 28

dysphemism

Answer 28

dysphemism is a more blunt or direct word instead of a polite word

Question 29

back channelling

Answer 29

back channeling is words/phrases to show speaker support like - yeah, okay, uh-huh

Question 30

discourse marker

Answer 30

discourse marker is a signal of shift in conversation or topic

Question 31

filler

Answer 31

fillers are sounds that act as pause - like erm

Question 32

hedging

Answer 32

hedging is using word to express a lack of certainty in order to be less direct, for example - “I believe”,

Question 33

paralinguistic features

Answer 33

paralinguistic features are non-verbal aspects of speech like body language and gestures

Question 34

cohesion

Answer 34

cohesion is how well a text fits together and flows

Question 35

context of production (questions to ask when writing about meaning and representation)

Answer 35

who wrote the text? when was it produced? why was it produced (purpose)? where was it produced? whom is intended for (implied audience)?

Question 36

context for reception (questions to ask self when writing about meanings and representations)

Answer 36

who is receiving the text (actual audience and implied)? when is it being received? why is it being received (actual purpose)? where is it being received?

Question 37

what is synthetic personalisation?

Answer 37

synthetic personalisation is addressing a mass audience as if it was a private 1 on 1 conversation.

Question 38

prosodic features

Answer 38

prosodic features are verbal aspects of speech like tempo, dynamics (volume) and pitch.

Question 39

WRITE ABOUT PATTERNS IN THE TEXT -

Answer 39

CONNECT PATTERNS ACROSS THE TEXT - ALL ACROSS BUT MORE PARTICULARLY THIS PLACE

Question 40

WRITE ABOUT WHAT MAKES A TEXT OLD - THE WAYS PEOPLE THOUGHT AND SPOKE/ WHAT MAKES IT CURRENT

Answer 40

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Question 41

WRITE ABOUT DIFFERENT PUNCTUSTUON, PROSODIC AND PARALINGUISTIC FESTURES LIKE EXCLAMATIONS AND EMOJIS AND HOW THEY COMBUNE TO CREATE A MEANING

Answer 41

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