P1 SOCIAL INFLUENCE Flashcards
(36 cards)
Asch!!
1. How many men were tested?
2. How many critical trials?
3. Overall conformity %?
4.What % conformed at least once?
- 123 American men
- 12 out of 18
- 36.8%
- 25% (75% never conformed)
What 3 variables did Asch investigate after his baseline study?
- Group size
- Unanimity
- Task difficulty
Why does an increase in task difficulty increase conformity?
Informational social influence
What are the 3 types of conformity?
- Compliance
- Internalisation
- Identification
What are the 2 explanations of conformity?
- Informational social influence
- Normative social influence
Whose study supports NSI as an explanation of conformity?
Asch
Name 2 potential limitations of Asch’s studies?
- Artificial situation & task
- Gender & Culture bias
- Ethical issues
- Lacks temporal validity = child of the times
Whose study on ‘easy’ and ‘hard’ maths problems supports the concepts of ‘task difficulty’ and ‘ISI’?
Lucas et al (2006)
How were Zimbardos participants deindividuated?
Through the use of uniforms
What did Zimbardo control before his SPE to increase the validity of his findings?
Only chose emotionally stable participants to take part and these were then randomly assigned roles = rules out results being affected by individual participant variables
Name a criticism of Zimbardo’s SPE?
- Ethics
- Lack of realism eg ‘Cool Hand Luke’ comment from a guard suggests demand characteristics
- Exaggerates conformity to social roles = 2/3 of guards were not brutal
Milgram!!!
1. Who were the participants?
2. What task were the learners asked to do?
3. What % went to both 300V and all the way to 450V
4. Before the study what % of participants did Milgram expect to go to 450V?
- 40 American men (aged 20-50)
- Memory task = remembering pairs of words
- 100%; 65%
- less than 3%
Sheridan & King’s ‘electric shock’ study on which animal supports Milgram’s findings on obedience?
Puppies
Why does Gina Perry (2013) suggest Milgram’s study has low internal validity?
She listened to the Milgram tapes and found only 50% participants thought the shocks were real. Of these 2/3 were disobedient (didn’t go all the way)
What 3 situational variables did Milgram investigate?
- Proximity
- Uniform
3 Location
Milgram: What % obeyed???
1. In a rundown office block?
2. Touch proximity variation?
3. Remote instruction from experimenter?
4. Confederate as experimenter in everyday clothes?
- 47.5%
- 30%
- 20.5%
- 20%
What does Mandel (1998) say is the danger of Milgram’s situational explanation?
Provides an ‘alibi’ for those committing evil behaviour
Bickman’s (1974) New York field experiment supports Milgram’s situational ‘uniform’ explanation. What 3 outfits did he use?
- Jacket & tie
- A Milkman
- A security guard
What are 2 situational explanations of obedience?
- Agentic state
- Legitimacy of authority
Milgram said that ‘B…………..’ factors keep a person in an agentic state?
Binding
Which real world crime seems to support the legitimate authority explanation?
Mai Lai massacre
Why does the actions of Police Battalion 101 in the 2nd world war dispute agentic state theory?
They shot civilians in Poland despite being offered other duties. They acted autonomously.
What did Rank & Jacobsen (1977) find out about the agentic state?
16/18 hospital nurses disobeyed orders from a doctor to give excessive drugs to patients = refutes agentic shift
Adorno????
1. Who do AP individuals show contempt for?
2. How does an AP individual think?
3. Name 2 types of parenting that causes AP’s?
4. AP children displace their anger through what process?
- Those of inferior social status
- Rigid cognitive style / black or white thinking
- Overly strict parents / Use of conditional love
- Scapegoating
