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Helminthology > P1 (Trematodes, Cestoda, Diginea) > Flashcards

P1 (Trematodes, Cestoda, Diginea) Flashcards

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1
Q

Accidental ingestion of these IH can result to infection of Hymenolepis diminuta, except?
a. fleas
b. cockroaches
c. copepods
d. flour beetles

A

C. copepods

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2
Q

How are turkeys infected by Raillietina echinobothridia
a. ingestion of infected slugs
b. ingestion of infected ants
c. ingestion of infected earthworms
d. ingestion of infected beetles

A

b. Ingestion of infected ants

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3
Q

Auto-infection is known to occur in the following tapeworms species, except?
a. Taenia solium
b. Dipylidium caninum
c. Hymenolepis nana
d. NOTA

A

b. Dipylidium caninum

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4
Q

A cayote had died and a necropsy was performed. Amongst many other parasites found in its small intestine, there was a small tapeworm that only had 4 elongated proglottid the terminal being the largest segment. The scolex also presents with an armed rostellum. What is this parasite?
a. Davainea proglottina
b. Dipylidium caninum
c. Echinococcus granulosus
d. Cysticercus hydatigena

A

c. Echinococcus granulosus

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis as a result of fascioliasis?
a. Acute trauma as a result of the migration of mature flukes in liver parenchyma
b. Obstruction of the bile ducts by accumulation of fluke
c. Acute trauma as a result of the migration of immature flukes in liver parenchyma
d. Prolong and reoccuring infections of Fasciola in liver

A

D.

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6
Q

Chicken infected with this tapeworm suffers from hemorrhagic enteritis leading to necrosis of intestinal mucosa, particularly in the duodenum.
a. Raillietina echinobothridia
b. Choanotaenia infundibulum
c. Raillietena tetragona
d. Davainea proglottina

A

D. Davainea progottina

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7
Q

Flukes with a head-collar bearing signs are known as?

A

Echinostomatids

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8
Q

Which of the following is the best way to distinguish Faciola gigantica from Fasciola hepatica?
a. The presence of prominent ‘shoulders’
b. The lack of prominent ‘shoulders’
c. The presence of an anterior cone
d. The lack of an anterior cone

A

b. The lack of prominent ‘ shoulders’

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9
Q

This is a type of metacestode where it involves a single scolex invaginated inside a fluid-filled cyst.

A

Cysticercus

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10
Q

The fringed tapeworms is transmitted to deer through ingestion of what intermediate host?

A

Thysanosoma actinoides “fringed-tapeworm”
Psocid

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11
Q

The causative agent of sparganosis in man

A

Spirometra mansoni

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12
Q

The immature form if this tapeworm is located in the muscles of freshwater fishes
A. Diphylobothrium latum
B. Spirometra mansonoides
C. Avitellina centripunctata
D. Hymenolepos lanceolata

A

A. Diphylobotrium latum

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13
Q

The formation of cysts containing multiple invaginated scolices in the brain of sheep is due to?

A

ingestion of eggs of Taenia multiceps in contaminated herbage

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14
Q

This equine tapeworm causes the formation of ulcerative lesions on the mucosal surface of the intestines at the ileo-cecal junction

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

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15
Q

The pseudoscolex is a feature found in?

A

Fimbriaria fasciolaris

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16
Q

Produced by the radia or the sporocyts in species with no radial stage. A tadpole-like larvae with either a discoidal or elongated body and a tail for swimming.

A

Cercaria

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17
Q

The final larval stage and the the most infective stage in Subclass Diginea. This is an encysted form that needs to reach its DH in order to complete its life cycle.

A

Metacercaria

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18
Q

Fasciola hepatica

A

Class Trematoda
Subclass Diginea
Family Fasciolidae
“sheep liver fluke”

DH: ruminant, human
IH: Lymnea truncata,
PS: Bile ducts, liver
DS: acute & Chronic fascioliasis
MOI: Eating metacercaria in vegetation

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19
Q

A fluke was found in a sheep’s bile duct upon necropsy. It has a leaf-like body, broader anteriorly than posteriorly. One prominent characteristic observed was it’s prominent broad ‘shoulders’ on its anterior end

A

Fasciola hepatica

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20
Q

An accumulation of black iron porphyrin pigment was seen in the liver, omentum, kidney of a deer. There is also intense fibrosis in the liver parenchyma and a lot of flukes was seen in its bile ducts.

A

Fascioloides magna

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21
Q

The only member of Family Fasciolidae that does not have a branched intestinal ceca.
DH, IH, PS, MOI, DS?

A

Fasciolopsis buski
DH: Humans, pigs, dog
IH: Planorbis spp. ; Segmentina spp.
PS: Small intestine
DS: deep ulceration of the intestinal mucosa
MOI: ingestion of metacercaria in vegetation.

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22
Q

Acute Fascioliasis

A

Traumatic hepatitis

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23
Q

Chronic Fascioliasis

A

-Hepatic fibrosis
- Thickened/ fibrotic bile duct walls
- “pipestem” appearance

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24
Q

Mainly parasitic in the forestomach of ruminants and the intestines. They are thick, conical, and flesh rather than flat.

A

Family Paramphistomatidae

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25
Paramphistomum cervi
Family Paramphistomatidae "rumen fluke" DH: ruminants IH: Bulinus, Planorbis PS: Rumen, reticulum, duodenum (immature) DS: Hemorrhagic duodenitis MOI: ingestion of metacercaria in vegetation.
26
Difference between Fasciolidae egg and Paramphistomidae egg
Fasciolidae egg: -Operculum on blunt end ; yellowish brown color Paramphistomidae egg: -operculum on sharp end -clear to pale greenish color.
27
The two (1st & 2nd) common amphistome in cattle in the Philippines
1st: Fischoederius elongatus 2nd: Fischoederius cabboldi
28
Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus
Family Paramphistomes DH: Horse, donkey, pig, warthog IH: Bulinus snail (freshwater) PS: Large and small intestine DS: Intestinal ulceration and hemorrhage MOI: ingestion of metacercaria from vegetation Shape: has an anterior cylindrical part; body is saucer shaped.
29
Egg of Anoplocephala spp.
Round to D-shaped, thicked shelled Pyriform apparatus: present; equal to the radius of egg
30
Moniezia expansa egg
Somewhat triangular, Pyriform apparatus: present
31
Monieza benedeni egg
Almost cuboidlal in shape Pyriform apparatus: present
32
Family Davaineidae
tapeworms of small intestines mainly of birds (poss. in mammals) -Davainea proglottina -Railletina spp.
33
only has 4-9 proglottid (microscopic cestode) A highly pathogenic tapeworm, causing necrosis of intestinal mucosa
Davainea proglottina (minute tapeworm/ small chicken tapeworm) DH: chicken. turkey, pigeon IH: slugs and land snails PS: small intestine (duodenum) DS: Necrosis of intestinal mucosa
34
Largest of the fowl tapeworm
Raillietina tetragona
35
Raillietina tetragona
DH: Chicken, guinea fowl IH: Ants, Musca domestica PS: small intestine (posterior half) Ds: weight loss, decreased production
36
Raillietina echinobrothridia
DH: Chicken, turkey IH: Ants PS: Small intestine DS: nodule formation at the site of attachment; hyperplastic enteritis Most pathogenic Prepatent period : 20 days
37
Raillietina cesticillus
DH: Chicken, turkey IH: Musca domestica, beetles, cockroaches PS: small intestine DS: weight loss, decreased productivity
38
Amoebotaenia cuneata
Family Dilepidiae DH: Chicken IH: earthworm PD: small intestine DS: Weight loss, decreased production Roughly triangular in shape
39
Choanotaenia infundibulum
'saw edge' margin DH: Turkey, chicken IH: Musca domestica, beetles, grasshoppers PS: small intestine DS: Weight loss
40
Dipylidium caninum
"common dog tapeworm" Family Dilepidae DH: dog, cat, fox, man IH: Ctenocephalides spp. , Pulex irritans, Trichodectes canis PS: small intestine DS: pruritis ani, pot-bellied appearance gravid proglottids - cucumber seed shaped
41
Dipylidium egg capsule contains how many eggs
5-30 eggs
42
Hymenolepis nana
"dwarf tapeworm" thread-like in appearance DH: rodents, primates, man IH: flour beetles, fleas PS: small intestine DS: -Man: anorexia, abdominal pain Rodents: retarted growth - autoinfection (cysticercoid in intestinal vili)
43
Hymenlopesis diminuta
Family Hymenolepidae DH: rodents, man IH: fleas, beetles, moth, cockroaches, millipeds PS: small intestine DS: Rodents - retarded growth, weight loss.
44
Taenia saginata
"beef tapeworm" - Cysticercus bovis DH: man - Small intestine IH: cattle, ruminants - masseter muscles, skeletal muscle Only taenia species with no rostellum and hooks
45
Taenia solium
"pork tapeworm" Cysticercus cellulosae DH: man (small intestine) IH: pig, wild boar (Masseter m., skeletal muscles) DS: Neurocysticercosis capable of Autoinfection Scolex: 4 suckers, rostellum w/ 2 rows of hooks
46
Taenia hydatigena
Cysticercus tenuicollis DH: Canids (small intestine) IH: Sheep (Greater omentum, Messenteries, serosal surface of organs DS: IH- Traumatic hepatitis DS: DH - constipation, pot-bellied appearance
47
Taenia multiceps
Coenurus cerebralis DH: canids (small intestine) IH: sheep, goat (brain, spinal cord) DS in IH: Acute meningoencephalitis
48
Taenia ovis
Cysticercus ovis DH: Canids (small intestine) IH: Goat, sheep (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle)
49
Taenia pisiformis
Cysticercus pisiformis DH: Canidae (small intestine) IH: rabbits, hares (liver, peritoneum)
50
Taenia taeniaformis
Cysticercus fasciolaris > Strobilocercus (after 42 days) DH: Felidae (small intestine) IH: rodents, hares, rabbits (liver)
51
Taenia serialis
Coenurus serialis DH: canidae (small intestine) IH: rabbit, hare (subcutaneous and muscle tissue)
52
Echinococcus granulosus
Hyatid cysts DH: wild canids (SI) IH: sheep, ungulates, man (liver, lungs) DS in IH: hydatidosis, anaphylactic shock
53
Egg of Taenidae
3 rows pairs of hooks Embryophore has a radiated appearance
54
A tapeworm of 1 m was obtained from a polar bear. It is yellow-gray in color w/ dark central markings in the proglottids. When viewed microscopically, the dark central markings reveals to be a rosette-shaped uterus.
Subclass cotyloda Diphylobothrium latum "broad fish tapeworm" DH: man, dog, cat, polar bear, dolphin (small intestine) IH 1: Copepods (procercoid) IH 2: Fresh/ marine fishes (muscle, visceral organs) DS: vit b12 deficiency - bothria
55
Spirometra mansoni
Subclass Cotyloda "zipper tapeworm" DH: Dog, cat, wild carnivores - small intestine (adult) - Muscles and SC (plerocercoid) IH 1: copepods (Cyclops) IH 2: Amphibians, reptiles (Muscles) DS (man): sparganosis - central "spiral/lobed uterus"
56
The metacercaria of this parasite enters the brain of the ant (Formica) and controls the ant to attach to herbage overnight, making them available to grazing animals in early morning.
Family Dicrocoelidae Dicrocoelium dendriticum "lancet liver fluke" DH: ruminant, pig, dog IH 1: Snails - planorbis (produces "slime-balls" IH 2: ant (Formica) PS: Bile duct, Liver DS: liver cirrhosis - no radial stage
57
Platynosomum fastosum
Family Dicrocoelidae DH: cats IH 1: snails (Sublima) IH2: Lizard, isopod Ps: bile duct, liver DS: hepatic dysfunction, jaundice, hepatomegaly
58
Eurytrema pancreaticum
Family Dicrocoelidae DH: ruminants IH 1 : snail (bradybaenia, Cathaica) IH 2 : Grasshopper, cricket PS: Pancreatic duct DS: catarrhal inflammation of pancreatic duct
59
specific gravity for Nematode and cestode eggs
1.10 - 1.20
60
Specific gravity of Trematode eggs
1.30 - 1.35
61
A qualitative test for the detection of nematode and cestode eggs in the feces
Simple flotation technique
62
A quantitative technique used to determine the estimate worm burdens by counting the number of eggs or larvae per gram of feces
McMaster counting method Multiply total egg/larvae in both chambers by 60 stand for 5 min and view under 10x objective
63
Used to isolate lungworm larvae from fecal samples, or to isolate infective larvae from fecal cultures.
Baermann method

Helminthology (3 decks)

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