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Trematodes Flashcards

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1
Q

Larval stages of Digenean Flukes

A

Egg
1. Miracidium
2. Sporocyst
3. Radia
4. Cercaria
5. Metacercaria

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2
Q

Trematodes acquired by Eating metacercaria encysted on vegetation

A

Family Fasciolidae

Family Paramphistomatidae

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3
Q

Trematodes acquired by eating a 2nd intermediate host

A

Family Clinostomidae
Family Dicrocoeliidae
Family Heterophyidae
Family Prosthogonimidae
Family Opisthorchiidae
Family Nanophyetidae
Family Echinostomatidae
Family Paragonimidae

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4
Q

Trematodes acquired by active skin penetration

A

Family Schistosomatidae

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5
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes:
Obstruction in Bile ducts and liver cirrhosis

A

Fasciola, Dicrocoelium

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6
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Gastric and intestinal ulceration leading to hemorrhage

A

Paramphistomidae,
Heterophyes

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7
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Catarrhal inflammation of pancreatic ducts

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

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8
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Laryngopharyngitis

A

Clinostomum complanatum

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9
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Decalcification and perforation of frontal sinus bone

A

Troglotrema acutum

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10
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia

A

Paragonimus spp.

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11
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Inflammation of the oviduct and Bursa of Fabricius

A

Prosthogonimus spp.

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12
Q

Pathogenicity of Flukes: Transmission of Pathogens

A

Nanophyetes salminocola transmits Neorickettsia helminthoeca

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13
Q

Species of Digenean fluke that does not have a radial stage

A

Schistosoma japonicum/ Schistosoma spp.
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Eurytrema pancreaticum

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14
Q

Most common amphistome affecting cattle and carabaos in the Philippines

10-20 mm long and 3-5 mm wide
Egg size: 125-152 μm long, 65-75 μm wide

A

Fischoederius elongatus

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15
Q

2nd most common amphistome in the Philippines
o Shorter body (8-10 mm long)
o Egg size: 110-120 μm long, 60-75 μm wide

A

Fischoederius cobboldi

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16
Q

The special integument of parasitic flukes that allows it to withstand the gastric and digestive enzymes of its host.

A

Syncytial tegument

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17
Q

“true flukes”
“two” ; “generation”

A

Class Trematoda
Subclass Diginea

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18
Q

Prosthogonimus pellucidus

A

PS: bursa of fabricius, oviduct and posterior intestine of domestic and wild birds.

IH1: fresh water snail
IH2: dragon fly
DH:fowl, duck, wild birds

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19
Q

Parasites of the bile ducts of carnivores
IH2: are cyprinid fishes
Flat and fusiform-shaped
-Testes(lobed/branched) posterior to ovary, both located on posterior part of body
-vitelline glands : middle lateral fields

A

Family Opisthorichiidae

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20
Q

the zoonotic agents/parasites are restricted only to vertebrate hosts.

A

Cyclozoonosis

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21
Q

Excretory tubular network is called?

A

protonephridia

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22
Q

commonly called the planarians, they are mainly free-living carnivorous flatworms and are of no veterinary significance

A

Class Turbellaria

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23
Q

flukes that are ectoparasitic to cold-blooded aquatic or amphibious vertebrates and invertebrates, and has a direct life cycle.

A

Class Monogenea

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24
Q

a parasitic group characterized by the lack of a digestive tract and a body that is segmented into individual reproductive units.

A

Class Cestoda

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25
A roughly triangular shaped larva, with a broad anterior end - It is completely covered with cilia - It possesses and anterior spine at the anterior end, which it uses to bore into the snail IH - In some species, this (still encased in the egg) must be consumed by the snail.
Miracidium
26
The ciliated coat is lost upon penetration into the snail IH  It is an undifferentiated mass of cells and therefore does not feed  The germinal cells inside it will multiply and will produce either daughter sporocysts or radiae
Sporocyst
27
Produced by the radia (or the sporocyst in species with no radial stage)
Cercaria
28
The final larval stage and is also the infective stage  The encysted form  It has to reach the definitive host in order to complete its life-cycle
Metacercaria
29
Occurs in the bile ducts of ruminants, especially sheep, cattle, and goat, but can also affect horses, deer, rabbits, humans, cats, dogs, and other mammals. Adult flukes are leaf-shaped, but broader anteriorly than posteriorly, with an anterior cone-shaped projection
Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)
30
less common and almost invariably seen in sheep. It is a traumatic hepatitis with extensive destruction of liver parenchyma and hemorrhage, especially in sheep at 6-8 weeks of age.
Acute fascioliasis
31
the most common form of infection in sheep, cattle, and other animals (including man). The major consequence of infection if hepatic fibrosis as a result of the migratory tracts produced by the immature flukes in the liver parenchyma, which led to hemorrhage and necrosis
Chronic Fascioliasis
32
The IH of Family Fascioloides
Lymnea spp. , Lymnea truncata, Fossaria spp.(F. magna) Planorbis spp. (F. buski) Segmentina spp. (F. buski)
33
they are mainly parasitic in the forestomach of ruminants and the intestines. It also affects pigs, equines, and man. They are thick, conical, and flesh rather than flat.
Family Paramphistomatidae
34
Fluke that occurs in the large and small intestines of equines, pigs, and warthogs and causes Intestinal ulceration and hemorrhage
Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus (intestinal fluke)
35
Control and treatment of Fasciolidae Flukes
-Benzimidazole anthelmenthics -Control of snail intermediate host, best achieved by providing piped water supply to troughs and regular application of a molluscicide
35
Control and treatment of Paramphistome flukes
-Praziquantel -Control of snail intermediate host, best achieved by providing piped water supply to troughs and regular application of a molluscicide
36
Found in the mouth and throat of piscivorous bird (herons, bitterns). Infection has also been recorded in man. * Cosmopolitan in distribution, but common in Asia and tropical countries
Clinostomum complanatum, C. marginatum
37
DH, IH, PS and disease of Clinostomum complanatum, C. marginatum
-DH: Herons, bitterns -IH1: Lymnea spp., Helisoma spp. -IH2: fresh water fish -PS: mouth throat -Disease: Laryngopharyngitits (birds); yellow grubs (fish)
38
Describe fasciolidae egg
Brown to yellowish in color, operculum is on blunt end/
39
describe paraamphistome egg
clear to pale greenish in color, oval shaped, operculum on sharp end.
40
What is the lesion or injury seen during necropsy that would indicate that a sheep has acute fasciolosis?
Traumatic hepatitis, liver fibrosis
41
-Parasites of the bile ducts/ pancreatic ducts of ruminants -2nd IH are terrestrial arthropods -Flat and lanceolate-shaped -Testes anterior to ovary, but both are located on anterior half of body
Family Dicrocoelidae
42
Life Cycle: IH1 produces "slime balls" where the cercariae clump together in the pulmonary chamber of the snail.
Dicrocoelium dendriticum (lancet liver fluke)
43
Platynosomum fastosum
-DH: cats - IH1: Sublima snail - IH 2: Lizard, isopod - PS: Bile duct, liver - Disease: Hepatic dysfunction, jaundice, hepatomegaly
44
Eurytrema pancreaticum
-DH: ruminants - IH1: snail (Bradybaena, Cathaica) - IH2: Grosshopper, cricket -PS: Pancreatic duct -Disease: Catarrhal inflammation of pancreatic duct
45
Parasitic in the gallbladder and bile ducts of reptiles, birds, and mammals. -2nd IH are Cyprinid Fishes - flat and fusiform-shaped -Testes(lobed/branched), posterior to ovary. -reproductive organs: posterior part of the body
Family Opisthorchiidae
46
Chlonorchis sinensis
"chinese liver fluke" Ps: Pancreatic duct and bile duct, duodenum DH: man, dog, weasle, mink IH1: snail (bulinus, Bithynia) IH2: Cyprinid fishes disease: Catarrhal cholecystitis, fibrosis of bile duct, Bile duct occlusion.
47
Family Opisthorchiidae
Opisthorchis tenuicollis Opisthorcis viverrini Chlonorchis sinensis
48
Ovary anterior to the testes, both located on the posterior end of body. Vitelline glands found laterally but only on posterior half of body -IH2: fishes -Ps: small intestines -DH: canines, felines, man
Family Heterophyidae
49
Heterophyes heterophyes
PS: small intestine IH1: snail (Cerithidia cingulata) IH2: Tilapia DH: Dog, Man, Cat Disease: Hemorrhagic diarrhea +. desquamation of intestinal mucosa
50
Elongate flukes with a strong ventral sucker not far behind the smaller oral sucker (which is surrounded by a ‘head-collar’ that bears a row of spines). 2nd IH are other freshwater snails, tadpoles and freshwater fishes. -location of the ovary and reproductive organs?
Family Echinostomatidae -ovary is anterior to testes: both located in middle of body.
51
1st and 2nd IH of Echinostoma ilocanum
IH 1: Gyraulus, Hippeutis IH 2:Pila luzonica
52
Echinostoma revolutum
DH: duck, goose IH 1 : Lymnea, Planorbis IH 2: Snail PS: rectum, ceca disease: Hemorrhagic or catarrhal enteritis
53
Parasites of the lungs of carnivores and man 2nd IH are freshwater crabs and crayfishes Flat and ovoid (lemon-shaped) Ovary is on one side of the body while uterus is on the other side
Family Paragonimidae -Paragonimus westermanii
54
Paragonimus westermanii
DH: Pig, dog,cat, carnivores IH1: snail IH 2: crabs, crayfish PS: lungs (rarely in brain and spinal c.) Disease: Peritonitis, pleuritis, Chronic bronchioloitis, pneumonia.
55
Paragonimus kellicotti
DH: Pig, dog,cat, carnivores IH1: snail IH 2: crabs, crayfish PS: lungs Disease: Peritonitis, pleuritis, Chronic bronchioloitis, pneumonia.
56
Nanophyetus salmonica
Family Nanophyetidae DH: dog, cat, fox, cayote, otter IH 1: snail IH 2: Salmonid fish PS: small intestines disease: Hemorrhagic enteritis, Salmon poisoning
57
Blood flukes; found in blood vessels, particularly the mesenteric and portal veins. Dioecious flukes
Family Schistosomatidae
58
A dermatitis caused by the cercariae of wild waterfowl schistosome when the penetrate and migrate in human skin
Swimmer's itch
59
Schistosoma bovis
Family Schistosomatidae DH: Cattle, ruminants IH: snail PS: Portal, mesenteric, urogenital veins Disease: Serious parasite in cattle and sheep * Eggs: spindle-shaped (but small ones can be oval)
60
Schistosoma japonicum
Family Schitosomatidae DH: Man, cattle, ruminants IH: snail (Oncomelania quadrasi) PS: portal and messenteric veins Disease: Katayama disease
61
Schistosoma nasalis
DH: ruminnats IH: snails (Planorbis) PS: nasal mucosa veins Disease: Rhinitis, mucopurulent discharge from nose,sneezing, dyspnea and snoring (Snoring Disease)
62
Ciliated larva with a short free-swimming period in search of a suitable host.
Oncomiracidium
63
Gyrodactylus elegans
Class Monogenea DH: Teleost fish (trout) PS: Skin, fins, gills
64
Discocotyle sagittata
DH: Salmonid fish PS: Gills, skin Class monogenea
65
Posthodiplostomum cuticula
DH: herons, kingfishers IH 1: Planorbid snails IH2: Cyprinid fishes PS: intestines (DH) ; skin, muscles, eyes (IH2) disease: Black spot disease (IH 2)
66
ciliated Larvae of monogenean flukes
Oncomiracidium

Helminthology (3 decks)

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