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Biology I > P2 Q1 cells > Flashcards

P2 Q1 cells Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Who is credited with perfecting the first microscope in 1625?

A

Galileo Galilei

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2
Q

Robert Hooke in 1665 discovered _________ by _____________

A

Cells

Looking at cork

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3
Q

Robert Hooke thought cells looked like cells from _________ or _______________

A

A monastery

Honeycomb

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4
Q

Robert Hooke thought cells only existed in

A

Plants fungi

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5
Q

In 1673 he used a microscope to observe a pond and saw single celled organisms

A

Anton van Leuwenhoek

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6
Q

Leuwenhoek called his discoveries…

A

Animalcules

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7
Q

Because Leuwenhoek observed fish, birds, frogs, dogs and humans etc he knew cells were found in…

A

Animals as well as plants

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8
Q

Incorrect hypothesis that says that life forms were able to emerge from non living things, such as mice from dirty clothes or maggots from rotting meat

A

Spontaneous generation

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9
Q

In the 19th century, spontaneous generation was disproven by __________________ when he noticed that contamination of the media only occurred when in contact with the environment

A

Louis Pasteur

*also discovered vaccines and pasteurization

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10
Q

In 1838 __________________ concluded that all plants are made of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

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11
Q

In 1839 ___________ stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells

A

Theodor Schwann

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12
Q

In 1858 ___________________ concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

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13
Q

3 basic components of cell theory

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. The cells is the basic unit of life
  3. All cells are produced from preexisting cells (cell division)
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14
Q

This type of cell has no nucleus and make up bacteria and archaea (e.g E.coli)

A

Prokaryotes

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15
Q

This type of cell contains a nucleus, is much larger and makes up protists, fungi, animals and plants
(Single celled organisms include the amoeba)

A

Eukaryotes

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16
Q

States that organic molecules were synthesized from Inorganic compounds in the atmosphere

A

Abiogenesis

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17
Q

Organic molecules were synthesized at hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor

A

Hydrotermal vents

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18
Q

Organic molecules were synthesized when comets or asteroids struck the Early Earth

A

Panspermia

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19
Q

Unanswered Questions of the origin of life

A
  1. How did the primordial soup acquire simple monomeric building blocks (for polymers)
  2. Conditions for assembling such polymers
  3. Self replication of polymers
  4. If RNA, DNA, proteins, etc came first or if they emerged simultaneously
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20
Q

In abiogenesis life arises from ____________

A

Non living matter (simple inorganic compounds)

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21
Q

Which experiment proves Abiogenesis

A

The Urey-Miller Experiment

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22
Q

Urey and Miller designed an apparatus that simulated _____________ and they put electrodes to simulate

A

Earth’s early atmosphere over Earth’s early ocean

Loghtning

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23
Q

Urey and Miller found ____________

A

Organic amino acids

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24
Q

Some scientists think life came from rocks from _________ caused by impacts

A

Mars

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25
Meteorite that fell in Australia in 1969 and is one of the most studied because it belongs to a group of meteorites rich in organic compounds (like sugars)
Murchinson Meteorite
26
Some hypothesize about __________ __________ being found in Mars
Biological microfossils
27
Life may have begun at deep sea hydrothermal vents that spew
Hydrogen-rich molecules Chemical energy (chemosynthesis) Thermal energy
28
Who developed the Endosymbiotic Theory in 1967?
Lynn Morgulis
29
Mitochondrion and Chloroplasts developed from symbiotic bacteria; its main evidence is the similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria (RNA and division)
Endosymbiotic theory
30
Animal and plant cells are eukaryotes because they have ___________ while bacteria are prokaryotes because they have not
Organelles
31
Bacteria are _____ microns | Eukaryotes are ______ microns
1-10 | 10-100
32
Cell job; O2 in and CO2 out
Breathe
33
Cell job; take in and digest food
Eat
34
Cells make energy in the form of....
ATP
35
Cell job; is the control of internal conditions
Homeostasis
36
Another cell job is to remove ________
Waste
37
Cell job; proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and fats
Building molecules
38
Cell job; cells also respond to their ________ environment
External
39
Cell job; involves growth, repair, reproduction and development
Build more cells
40
3 main cell jobs
Make energy Make proteins (do all work in a cell) Make more cells (for growth and replacing damaged ones)
41
They do the work of cells, with each structure having a job to do to keep the cell alive
Organelles
42
``` Organelles involved in making energy by Taking food and digesting it Taking oxygen Making ATP Removing waste ```
Cell membrane Lysosome Vacuoles and vesicles Mitochondria
43
It separates cell from the outside and controls what enters or leaves (O2, CO2, H2O, nutrients, waste); recognizes signals from other cells for communication
Cell membrane
44
The cell membrane made of a double layer of fat called __________ and _________ ________ (proteins that receive signals)
The phospholipid bilayer | Receptor molecules
45
Jelly-like material holding organelles in place
Cytoplasm
46
It provides structure, support and protection for the cell; cellulose
Cell wall (plants, fungi, protists and algae)
47
Move around material and store them; made of a membrane sac; digestion and waste
Vacuole (central vacuole in plants) | Vesicles
48
They digest food, clean up and recycle broken organelles (mitochondria)
Lysosomes
49
Has a membrane sac with digestive enzymes
Lysosome
50
They make ATP energy from cellular respiration (w/ sugar and O2); double membrane; found in plants and animals
Mitochondria
51
Organelles found in plants that makes ATP -active energy- and sugar -stored energy for leaves, fruits and roots- from sunlight (photosynthesis)
Chloroplasts
52
Organelles involved in making proteins by | Reading genes and building them
Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatuses
53
______ do all the work
Proteins
54
Muscle fiber, hair, skin and claws are...
Structural proteins
55
They speed up chemical reactions (break down and help bond)
Enzymes
56
Hormones are a category of proteins called
Signals and receptors
57
Protects center of cell; protects DNA (to build proteins)
Nucleus
58
The nucleus includes:
Nuclear membrane, nucleolus (make ribosomes) and chromosomes (DNA)
59
Protein factories (read instructions to build proteins with translation); free or attached to ER
Ribosomes
60
Works on proteins (helps complete them and makes membrane)
Endoplasmic reticulum
61
The _______ ER has ribosomes attached while the _______ ER makes membranes
Rough | Smooth
62
Finishes, sorts, labels and ships proteins (in vesicles); gives them a tridimensional structure; membrane sac
Golgi apparatus
63
To make more cells, organelles involved Copy DNA Make extra organelles Divide them for daughter cells
Nucleus | Centrioles
64
Help coordinate cell division (in ANIMAL cells); a pair per cell
Centrioles
65
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell keep its shape and aids movement
Cytoskeleton
66
The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled located in the nucleus
Nucleolus

Biology I (6 decks)

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