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Biology I > P3 Q1 > Flashcards

P3 Q1 Flashcards

1
Q

The green pigment in the chloroplasts; gives leaves their color

A

Chlorophyll

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2
Q

It’s the process used by plants, algae, some protists and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

_____________ is stored as food in other parts of the plant and turns iodine dark blue

A

Starch

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4
Q

Starch is converted from _________

A

Sugar

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5
Q

In photosynthesis, _________ is given off into the air

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

In photosynthesis, _____ enters through the stomata of the leaves

A

CO2

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7
Q

_________ is absorbed from the root

A

Water

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8
Q

_____________ traps light energy to make sugar

A

Chlorophyll

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9
Q

Where does the energy for photosynthesis come from?

A

The sun

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10
Q

Photosynthesis requires ____________ ___________ ______________ and produces ____________ ____________

A

CO2 water and sunlight

Sugar and Oxygen

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11
Q

___________ ability to do work

A

Energy

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12
Q

Ultimately, _________ gives plants the energy they need

A

Sugar

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13
Q

Green plants use sunlight with air and water to make _________. They are _________ for they make their own food

A

Sugar

Producer

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14
Q

Photo means ________ and _________ is putting together

A

Light

Synthesis

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15
Q

6CO2 + 6H2O ————> C6H12O6 + 6O2

(Sunlight)

A

Photosynthesis

- you need a lot of water and co2 to make a single sugar

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16
Q

__________ main product of photosynthesis

A

Glucose

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17
Q

____________ are groups of molecules where sunlight is absorbed

A

Photosystems

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18
Q

__________ is the organelle of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

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19
Q

Sac light membrane where chlorophyll is found

A

Thylakoid memebrane

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20
Q

The stages of photosynthesis are
_
_

A

Light dependent reactions

Light independent reactions

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21
Q

Stage of photosynthesis in which the energy from sunlight is stored in ATP and NADPH

A

Light reactions

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22
Q

Is an energy carrying molecule (not ATP)

A

NADPH

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23
Q

Stage of photosynthesis in which glucose is made (uses CO2)

A

Calvin cycle

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24
Q

Other producers who don’t use photosynthesis use ….

A

Chemosynthesis

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25
Light hit the ____________, where chlorophyll is found. The H2O is split. ___ is released into the air. Hydrogen then is used to make energy
Thylakoids | O2
26
Skeleton if the chloroplast, maintains the distance between thylakoids
lamellae
27
Space outside the thylakoid membranes. Location of the Calvin Cycle in which organic compounds are formed (such as glucose)
Stroma
28
Stack of thylakoid
Granum
29
Saclike photosynthetic membranes that contain photosystems, clusters of pigments and proteins that absorb light energy
Thylakoids
30
Splitting of sugar and occurs in the ________ of the cell
Glycolysis | Cytosol
31
Cell respiration takes place in the (glycolysis) ________ and __________ (Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain)
Cytoplasm | Mitochondria
32
As a result of glycolysis ________ _______ is made as well as ATP
Pyruvic acid
33
Series of electron-transport molecules, which pass electrons from molecule to molecule
Electron transport chain
34
Electrons are carried in _______ and _______
NADH | FADH2
35
When _________ is present, pyruvate produced in glycolysis enters the mitochondria and is converted into ______ _______, a two Carbon compound (as well as CO2 and NADH)
Oxygen | Acetyl CoA
36
Inside if the mitochondria
Matrix
37
Photosynthesis and cell respiration have equal and opposite inputs and outputs
CO2 and water (input P, output CR) | Glucose and oxygen (input CR, output P)
38
The energy source of cell respiration are _______ ______
Chemical bonds
39
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ————> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Cellular respiration
40
Glycolysis produces __ ATP, pyruvic conversion ____, Kreb Cycle ___ and ETC ___. Total of ____ ATP
``` 2 0 2 34 38 ```
41
C6H12O6 + 2ATP ————> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 4ATP + heat
Alcoholic fermentation
42
Stage 1 is when | Glucose is converted to _____________, producing some ATP and _____ NADH
Pyruvate | NADH
43
Stage 2 | (When ________ is present). _________ and ______ are used to make a large amount of ATP
Oxygen | Pyruvate and NADH
44
Stage 2 | (When oxygen is not present) pyruvate is converted to _________ ____ or _________ and CO2
Lactic Acid | Alcohol
45
Energy formation in the absence of oxygen is
Fermentation
46
In the absence if oxygen, only _________ takes place in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis
47
Type of fermentation where ________ ______ formed with no CO2. Bacteria and human body, used for yoghurt and cheese, as well in muscle pain in physical activity
Lactic Acid
48
Alcoholic fermentation is when ___________ _________ and _______ are formed; bacteria and yeasts. Used in bread, alcohol, wine and beer
Ethyl Alcohol
49
Fermentation occurs in ________ respiration
Anaerobic
50
Alcohol and lactic acid are the two types of ______________
Fermentation
51
Modes of nutrition
Heterotrophic and autotrophic
52
Organisms produce their own food from organic molecules
Autotrophy
53
Organisms derive energy from other living organisms
Heterotrophy
54
Green plants, phytoplankton and algae use
Photoautotrophy
55
Deep-sea bacteria use
Chemoautrophy
56
Ingest organic matter which is living or recently killed
Consumers
57
Herbivores eat producers
Primary
58
Eat other consumers (carnivores and omnivores)
Secondary
59
Derive energy from non-living organic matter
Decomposers
60
Ingests non-living organic matter (earthworms, woodlice); internal digestion and absorb products; discard organic matter in large quantities. Ex: they eat dead leaves, feathers, hairs and feces
Detritivores
61
Lives in or on non living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing digestive products; bacteria and fungi; external digestion;break down carbon compounds in dead organic matter and release N used by other organisms
Saprotrophs
62
Means self-feeding; make carbon compounds from CO2 and other simple substances
Autotrophic
63
Some unicellular organisms use both methods of nutrition
Mixotrophic
64
Arabidospsis thaliana is an ____________ Humming birds are ____________ Euglena ___________
Autotroph Heterotroph Mixotroph
65
_________ are divided into groups by ecologists according to the source of organic molecules that they use and tye method of taking them in
Consumers
66
Herbivores eat __________, carnivores eat ___________ and omnivores eat both
Producers | Consumers
67
Snail, millipede and crabs are
Detritivores
68
A cow is an _________ consumer, pandas are ________ and wolves ______……__
Herbivore Omnivore Carnivore
69
Bacteria, mushrooms and mold are
Saprotrophs
70
Opportunistic animal that feeds on dead or decaying matter rather than hunting; similar to detritivores, but they feed on a larger scale (carrion)
Scavenger
71
Hyenas, vultures and crows are
Scavenger
72
Two organisms live closely together
Symbiotic relationship
73
Symbiosis where both benefit, like sea anemone and fish
Mutualism
74
One is unaffected and the other benefits; whale and barnacle
Commensalism
75
One benefits and the other one is harmed, like dogs and ticks
Parasitsm
76
Ants and Aphids are _________, for the first provide protection from predators and the second provide nutrition from honeydew
Mutualists
77
Sequence if organisms where each feeds in the previous one; between 2-5 organisms; chemical energy flows through by feeding
Food Chain
78
________ are the first organisms ina food chain, the _______ consumers, then ________ which feed on the previous one, tertiary and so on
Producers Primary Secondary
79
The arrows indicate the __________ of the energy flow
Direction
80
____ of chemical energy passes to the next trophic level
10%
81
A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains
Food web
82
Each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem
Trophic level
83
Total mass of organisms a given area or volume
Biomass
84
Herbivores and carnivores are
Holozaic
85
In a food web, arrows would all point to ____________
Decomposers
86
Carnivores are mixotrophs, and eat insects for ___________
Nitrogen

Biology I (6 decks)

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