P2S1 Origins and their impact on the community

Question 1

What makes a person religious?

Answer 1

Belief in God

Question 2

What are anonymous Christians?

Answer 2

Christians which have not heard of God, but would have believed it had they been given a chance

Question 3

What is the belief of inclusivists?

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Answer 3

Christianity contains all the truth about God, but different religions have points in common and share some truth, which means that non-Christians can go to heaven if they live a good life, as there are “many rooms”

Question 4

What do exclusivists believe?

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Answer 4

Exclusivists believe that the Christian religion contains all the truth, and that therefore only Christians can go to heaven. This is a view held by evangelicals. Evidence: “No one comes to the Father except through me.”

Question 5

What is salvation?

Answer 5

Preservation or deliverance from harm, ruin or less.
Biblical salvation is God’s way of providing his people deliverance from sin and spiritual death through repentance and belief in Jesus Christ

Question 6

What different gospels are there in chronoligical order?

Answer 6

1. Mark
2. Luke and Matthew
3. John

Question 7

Source criticism of the gospels

Answer 7

The gospels borrowed from each other. They also seem to come from source Q, which is unidentified, which is source criticism

Question 8

How can a Christian defend the idea that the bible is divinely inspired, if it was written by humans?

Answer 8

By saying that the human authors wrote the bible were inspired by the holy spirit, allowing the bible to be ‘God-breathed’

Question 9

How is the bible interpreted by fundementalists?

Answer 9

Aquinas developed 4 viewpoints, Literal truth, allegorical truth(what something means), Moral truth and spiritual truth

Question 10

What is Historical criticism?

Answer 10

This is criticising the bible, and comes in form or source, to make it seem unreliable.

Question 11

What were the outcomes of the rise of historical criticism?

Answer 11

People believed more in Bultmann’s and Feuerbach’s views. (Liberal Christians and Naturalism)

Question 12

What is the view of Christian Literalists?

Answer 12

The holy spirit inspired human authors to write the exact words, meaning that the bible is inerrant and must be taking literally.

Question 13

What is the view of Christian Fundementalists?

Answer 13

They believe that the Bible is infallible, and was written by humans inspired by the holy spirit, but they allow for some interpretation

Question 14

What is the view of Christian Conservatives?

Answer 14

The bible can still be called the Word of God as it was inspired by the Holy Spirit which used human authors. However, it is not inerrant and there are some symbols in it.

Question 15

What is the view of Christian Liberals?

Answer 15

Biblical texts were made long time ago by people living in different times and contexts, when there were more myths, so the bible should be demythologised.

Question 16

What is the feudist view and biblical teachings to support it?

Answer 16

The feudist view is that faith is loyalty and overturns reasoning, meaning that believers should do anything asked without questioning it, even if it defies logic.
Biblical teachings to support this is when Abraham had to sacrifice his son, and did it without questioning

Question 17

What is the neo-orthodox view?

Answer 17

The neo-orthodox view is that the bible is not the word of God, but contains it.
God is revealed not in the bible, but in Jesus and scripture becomes personally meaningful when in an encounter with God, which is very important for the believer.

Karl Barth

Question 18

Disadvantages to the Neo-Orthodox view

Answer 18

This is putting entire faith of eternal salvation on gospel writers who could be writing lies, and if it is not the word of God, the bible could lose credibility.

Question 19

Why does Neo-Orthodoxy reject demythologising the bible?

Answer 19

Barth rejects Bultmann’s approach because although it is made by humans, it is the word of God revealed and he argued that miracles are important and that the miracles have happened.

Question 20

What are the advantages to the Neo-Orthodox view?

Answer 20

This could be an advantage because it means that it is recognized that there are mistakes in the bible, which allows leniency in the bible and means that people who are neo-orthodox would not blindly believe everything

Question 21

Problems with fundamentalists taking everything literally in the bible?

Answer 21

Things in the bible would not be accepted in this society e.g. that homosexuals should be stoned to death, which could cause disagreements.

Question 22

What are issues with the conservative approach to interpreting the bible?

Answer 22

A problem with interpreting the bible this way is that if it is the ‘word of God’, it must be true which they do not believe in.

Question 23

What are some problems with the literalist viewpoint of the bible?

Answer 23

Problems with this approach is that it is not possible to believe the bible literally because of contradictions in the bible and if they believe the 613 commandments, it would not be acceptable nowadays which could lead to problems.

Question 24

What are some problems with the liberal interpretation of the bible?

Answer 24

One problem with this approach is that if the bible is took too liberally, it could reduce the meaning of the bible, and it could end up just being what passage you want to believe is took literally and the rest is took as a myth

Question 25

What did the founder of demythologisation argue?

Answer 25

Bultmann argued that the gospel writers only used terms and concepts they had, which was usually supernatural, and that instead it should be read in terms of its supernatural message. This is as it is a human account as well, and is nearly impossible for modern audiences to believe.

Question 26

What did the founder of Fideism argue that Christians did wrong?

Answer 26

Kierkegaard believed that Christians were trying to apply too much logic and reasoning which dilutes what is said in the bible.

Question 27

What are different uses of the bible? | 5

Answer 27

* The bible is used as a basis for Catholic Mass and is a mean of communicating a message, and some people take inspiration from the bible and deliver a sermon. * The bible is used in key Ceremonial events like weddings or funerals. The bible quotes choose what they feel, and can try to comfort people. an example of this is in weddings, "Love is patient, love is kind. It does not boast, it is not proud" can be used. * The bible is used to practice Lectio Divina, which is similar to religious meditation, which has four steps: * Read a passage from the bible (lectio) * Re-read it, letting a word or phrase stick out * Pray to God, asking him what God is saying to you in those words * Contemplate on what God is saying, and rests in God's embrace before ending the prayer. * The bible is used to legitimise Christian tradition. An example of this is the tradition of the ordained ministry, which is because Jesus passed his authority to Peter, and then they believe that this should be carried out again through apostolic succession. As Peter was able to act as an intermediary, priests and bishops are given the authority to forgive sins in God's name in confession or reconciliation. * The bible is also used in singing hymns or worship. Catholics can reflect on what is being communicated through songs and many are sung during mass. An example of this is "The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me behind waters. He restores my soul"

Question 28

What are the different views held on conscience

Answer 28

* Conscience as the voice of God by John Newman, "to conscience first and to the pope afterwards". This view is also held by Augustine * Aquinas believed that conscience told the mind what was right and what was wrong, the ability to reason, and was a gift from God called the Synderesis, which tries to seek good and avoid evil, not an inner voice. People still do bad things because they get confused with apparent goods. * Joseph Butler argued that conscience is a natural guide in human nature which makes moral decisions and reflects on the path. The two main governing factors is prudence(love of self) and benevolence (love of others) * Jean Piaget * Kohlberg

Question 29

What are the problems with treating conscience as the voice of God? | 5

Answer 29

* There are different Christian denominations * Problem of evil * Free will * If conscience is the voice of God, then nothing else is needed for decision making * the bible could clash with your conscience

Question 30

Do Jean Pieget

Question 31

What is Kohlberg's view on conscience?

Answer 31

Kohlberg believed that that there are 3 stages and 6 levels of humans in moral construct. Pre-conventional level(in childhood) * Stage 1: Obedience to social rules as disobedience will result in punishment, with fixed and absolute rules * Stage 2: Obedience is determined by self-interest Conventional level * Stage 3 - an individual does things to gain approval of others * Stage 4 - Individual response is seen as duty to the law Post -conventional level (not all people reach this) * Stage 5 - This stage tries to uphold values of society, even if they conflict with laws * Stage 6 - This is when universal ethical principles.

Question 32

What is situational ethics?

Answer 32

This is a concept devised by Joseph Fletcher who developed a relative approach to moral decision making, and believed that the The ruling norm of Christian decision is love: nothing else. The origin of this is Jesus saying that the greatest commandments are: "Love your Lord your God with all your heart and all your soul" , and "Love your neighbour as yourself"

Question 33

# What is the: Catholic view on intermediaries

Answer 33

* Due to the apostolic tradition of Jesus giving control of the Church to Peter, this tradition is continued through apstolic succession * "on this rock I will build my church" * = authority to the bible as pope can speak innerantly * carries out God's work on Earth * converts people

Question 34

# What is the: Quaker view on the pope

Answer 34

All people are = .'. each person should be as important as another Only Jesus should be a teacher, not a pope

Question 35

# What happend at: Jesus' baptism

Answer 35

John was leading a renewal movement of baptism which symbolises turning over a new leaf When John baptised Jesus, the sky opened up saying "You are my son, With you i am well pleased" which comes from Isiah 42

Question 36

# What is the significance of: Jesus' baptism | (jesus being baptised but also baptisms in general)

Answer 36

* symapthises with the rest of humanity as despite being sinless, he was baptized anyways * provides an example for others to follow * shows his identity as the messiah * baptism is a sacrement that washes origninal sin * is an ordinance

Question 37

# What were the different: Temptations of Jesus | 2 quotes

Answer 37

To convert bread into stone "Man shall not live on bread alone" to fall off a cliff, as angels would catch him "Do not put your Lord God to the test" to own the world, if he bows to satan

Question 38

# What is the significance of: Jesus' temptations

Answer 38

* sets an example for Christians to follow * encourages christians to overcome temptation * encourages Christians to priorities spiritual salvation over earthly desires * humans can relate

Question 39

# what is: atonment

Answer 39

the needed reconciliation between sinful mankind and holy God, which was done through Jesus dying on the cross

Question 40

# quote for importance of: cruxifiction

Answer 40

"for all have sinned and fall(en) short of the glory of God"

Question 41

# What happened when jesus was cruxified

Answer 41

* darkness over the land, signifying one of the 10 punishments of God on Egypt * temple curtains were teared open between holy and holy of Holies place, which symbolises that everyone can communicate with God now as jesus has atoned sin

Question 42

# What happend when Jesus ressurected

Answer 42

woman went to the tomb of Jesus, but did not find Jesus on the third day, and at first the disciples didn't believe it

Question 43

# what is the significance of the ressurection

Answer 43

* proof that Jesus is god in human form shows God delivers on his promises and that other promises are true (eternal life) * a message of hope for chirstians to not fear death as they can live forever * ressurection can be seen as the cruxifiction being accepted, as it shows that God is omni-benevolent and willing to forgive us of our sin

Question 44

# What is Discipleship

Answer 44

following the path set out by Jesus, giving to the poor and being righteous this is/involves: 1. open to everyone 2. jesus being the top priority 3. evangelising 4. live humbly 5. focus on spiritual wellness and not materialistic 6. prepared to disappoint jesus 7. expect jesus to help you

Question 45

# teaching on: salt and light

Answer 45

At sermon on the mount, he said that disciples should be like salt and prevent food going bad, but in their community Light guides the way, so Jesus wants followers to help their community achieve salvation

Question 46

# How did Jesus change the law

Answer 46

He changed "eye for an eye to "tooth for a tooth" to not resisting an evil perosn and not sinning "turn the other cheek"

Question 47

# What did bonhoeffer say about discipleship

Answer 47

costly discipleship is becoming a discipleship of Jesus and has a big reward of heaven cheap discipleship costs no effort but bodes its rewards when other people see that you go to church, but is not true discipleship and does not get you to heaven

Question 48

# What are the: Purposes of Jesus' miracles

Answer 48

* Showed Jesus had compassion for people * Examples for people to follw * demonstrate close relationship Jesus had with God, as it is through him that he can do miracles * Miracles proved that Jesus' teachings are true, and that he is who he said he is

Question 49

# What are 3 of: Jesus' mirales?

Answer 49

1. Heals a paralysed man on the Sabbath 2. Heals a hemorrhaging woman, who is bleeding for 12 years, who was healed by touching him through faith 3. Heals a paralysed man on the Sabbath who was waiting at a pool waiting to be healed

Question 50

# Significance of: Jesus healing on Sabbath

Answer 50

* Shows agape as healing is more important than working on the Sabbath * Shows Jesus is not afraid of conflict as he went against the Torah * Shows his compassion as he cared about the paralysed man instead of treating him as an outcast. * Shows his identity as healing paralyzed hands in 3 seconds is not possible, especially at that time, therefore he must be omni-potent