P3 Autobiographical Memory Flashcards
Autobiographical retention function
The distribution of the number of memories from each period of life
Childhood amnesia
Very few memories form early childhood, virtually no memories before the age of 3
Reminiscence bump
Disproportionate number of memories between the ages 10 and 30
Forgetting curve
Standard forgetting curve for information from the last 20 years of life
What are the three parts of the autobiographical retention function?
- Childhood amnesia
- Reminiscence bump
- Forgetting curve
What two factors influence what is remembered from childhood amnesia?
- What is frequently told
2.Frightening/extreme
What are the four approaches about the emergence of Autobiographical Memory?
- Brain development
- Development language
- Development of a cognitive self
- Social-cognitive development
A possible source of memory deficits in childhood is that the ____ & ____ are not fully developed
A possible source of memory deficits in childhood is that the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are not fully developed
What are the two memory systems for baby memory?
- Procedural memory (simple memory tasks)
- Declarative system that develops later (more complex, autobiographical memory)
What is the limitation of the Brain Development approach?
It cannot explain the memory loss for events that occur relatively late in infancy OR why children of 3 years remember things form 1-2 years
According to the Developmental Language approach _____
According to the Developmental Language approach we begin to remember events once we are able to describe them in language
What are the gender difference within the language approach?
When talking to daughter: elaborative long and detailed
When talking to son: pragmatic concise with less details
Could explain why women tend to have better autobiographical memory
According to the Development of a Cognitive Self Approach ____
According to the Development of a Cognitive Self Approach you must have a sense of yourself as an independent individual
What are the cultural difference within the Development of a Cognitive Self Approach?
Western cultures have more emphasis on self-identity: earlier memories
Eastern cultures have more of an emphasis on group identity: early memories are more focused on group relations
Maternal elaboration-repetition ratio
The extent to which the mother talks about events elaborately rather than repeatedly
The more the mother talks to her children ____
The more the mother talks to her children, the earlier the memories
The Social-Cognitive Development approach for the emergence of autobiographical memories
A complex interaction between the developing brain + language + sense of self
Personal preferences from ____ are often preferred more
Personal preferences from early adulthood are often preferred more
What are the explanations for the reminiscence bump?
- Importance and distinctiveness
- Identity formation
- Neurological development is at its peak
What are the Theoretical Approach to Autobiographical Memory?
- Self-memory system model
- Conway’s Knowledge structure
What are the two main components of the Self-memory system model?
- Autobiographical memory knowledge base: contains personal information
- Working self: current and future goals/plans
We want our memories to be ____, so our autobiographical memories are often ____ (Self-memory system model)
We want our memories to be coherent with our current goals/beliefs , so our autobiographical memories are often inaccurate (Self-memory system model)
Two different types of retrieval
- Generative retrieval = effortful, slow retrieval about the self and the goals of an individual
- Direct retrieval = a spontaneous, quick retrieval which is more specific
Which brain area is involved in generative retrieval?
Prefrontal cortex
