pack Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the relations of the right adrenal gland (Anteriorly and posteriorly)?
Anteriorly
IVC
Liver
Posteriorly
Diaphragm
What are the relations of the left adrenal gland (Anteriorly and posteriorly)?
Anteriorly
Pancreas
Stomach
Posteriorly
Diaphragm
Label
What are the arteries that supply the adrenal gland?
Superiorly: inferior phrenic artery
Medially aorta
Inferiorly: Renal artery
What vein drains the right adrenal gland?
Right adrenal vein to IVC
What vein drains the left adrenal gland?
It goes from left adrenal vein to left renal vein then the IVC
What lymphatics drain the adrenal glands?
drained to Para-aortic and
para-caval lymph nodes
What spinal segments supply the suprarenal gland?
T5-T8
What is the origin of the adrenal cortex?
mesoderm
Describe the gradual development of the adrenal gland?
Week 4 – 6 : start from coelomic
mesoderm adjacent to
urogenital ridge
Week 8: differentiate into thin definite
outer cortex and thick inner fetal cortex
Fetal cortex produce steroid during gestation
and involutes at birth.
Definite cortex develop into functional adrenal
cortex
What is the medulla derived from and with what system does it develop with?
Medulla derived from neural crest cells
Develop with sympathetic nervous system
Describe the development of the adrenal cortex?
Week 5: neural crest cell migrate to
Para-aortic and Para-vertebral
region towards medial aspect of
adrenal cortex
What is the histological composition of the three layers of the adrenal cortex?
Zona glomerulosa: small cells with
intermediate no. of lipid inclusions
Zona fasiculata: Large foamy cells with lipid inclusions -75% of cortex
Zona Reticularis : consists of compact
cytoplasm and few lipid inclusions
Are the three zones of the adrenal cortex present at birth?
Zona glomerulosa and fasiculata present at birth
Zona reticularis develops during first year of life
Label
Label
Label
What is cushing’s syndrome?
Hypercortisolisim
Tumors (pituitary or adrenal)
iatrogenic (physician caused)
What is addisons disease?
Hypocortisolism
What are the causes and types of cushing’s syndrome?
Excessive Endogenous Cortisol
- ACTH independent: cortical tumor
- ACTH dependent: pituitary adenoma
small cell carcinoma
. Administration of Glucocorticoids
- The most common cause
· Clinical Manifestations
- weight gain, truncal obesity and moon face
- muscle weakness, thin arms and legs
- hypertension and osteoprosis
- moodiness, irritability, or depression
What are common clinical symptoms of addisons disease?
Bronze pigmentation of skin
Hypoglycemia
Changes in distribution of body hair
postural hypotension
weakness
Gi distrubances
What is conn’s syndrome?
Solitary aldosterone producing adenoma
Excess prodcution of aldosterone
it Causes: hypertension
Hypokalemia
What does the adrenal medulla produce?
Sympathetic stimulation
Catecholamine release to blood
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
What is pheochromocytoma?
Tumor of the medulla of the adrenal gland
