PAD and DVT Drugs crossword

Question 1

IV thrombin inhibitor for the prophylaxis and treatment of heparin induced thrombocytopenia; classic answer but DOACs may eventually replace

Answer 1

argatroban

Question 2

released by thrombin, polymerized form is a substrate for plasmin

Answer 2

fibrin

Question 3

generic reference to drug class that is first-line therapy for decreasing risk for PAD

Answer 3

statins

Question 4

factor Xa decoy recently approved as a reversal agent for factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban

Answer 4

andexanet alfa

Question 5

dabigatran was found to be inferior to warfin at inhibiting thromboembolism for this type of heart valve

Answer 5

mechanical

Question 6

orally active and reversible direct inhibitor of thrombin

Answer 6

dabigatran

Question 7

a direct inhibitor of activated factor X, it therefore rapidly inhibits the generation of thrombin from prothrombin; similar drugs end in -xaban

Answer 7

rivaroxaban

Question 8

a synthetic peptide similar to leech anticoagulant hirudin, it is a direct inhibitor of thrombin, but class as a whole has had limited use since it must be administered intravenously and much more expensive than heparin

Answer 8

bivalirudin

Question 9

irreversibly blocks the synthesis of thromboxane A2 by platelets; one of the agents that promotes the activation and aggregation of platelets… this is beneficial in patients with PAD, but can also increase risk of bleeding; also can displace warfarin bound to albumin to increase its effects/cause bleeding

Answer 9

aspirin

Question 10

assay that can be used to measure anticoagulation for drugs such as rivaroxaban

Answer 10

antixa

Question 11

what is the reason patients must be transitioned to warfarin therapy rather than abruptly started on it?

Answer 11

it could cause necrosis of the skin

Question 12

humanized antibody recently available to neutralize/serve as an antidote for dabigatran

Answer 12

idarucizumab

Question 13

element of treatment strategy when switching from DOAC to warfarin but not when switching from one DOAC to another

Answer 13

overlap

Question 14

can be used to assess anticoagulation cause by dabigatran

Answer 14

diluted thrombin time

Question 15

carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital decrease the effects of warfarin because they do this to the synthesis of its metabolic enzymes

Answer 15

induce

Question 16

metabolizes the more potent s-warfarin to 7-OH-warfarin; there are numerous polymorphisms in this gene and those decreasing its activity are more common in whites, increasing warfarin potency 3-5x

Answer 16

cyp2c9

Question 17

antidote for “oops too much heparin”; its numerous positive charges bind to the numerous negative charges on heparin

Answer 17

protamine

Question 18

what two anticoagulant drugs do not have an antidote

Answer 18

bivalirudin and fondaparinux

Question 19

examples of drugs that can contain vasoconstrictors that can exacerbate peripheral artery disease

Answer 19

cold remedies

Question 20

type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor that prolongs life of cAMP in platelets, used to suppress platelet aggregation and cause peripheral vasodilation, indicated for intermittent claudication

Answer 20

cilostazol

Question 21

indication for rivaroxaban or dabigatran

Answer 21

non valvular atrial fibrillation

Question 22

synthetic pentasaccharide, the minimum sequence needed to bind to antithrombin and inhibit factor Xa; sequence is too short to form the ternary complex with thrombin that is needed to inhibit thrombin activity

Answer 22

fondaparinux

Question 23

widely used factor Xa inhibitor, appears to have similar benefits with less risk of bleeding than drug class prototype

Answer 23

apixaban

Question 24

advantage of oral dabigatran and rivaroxaban in comparison to warfarin

Answer 24

rapid onset

Question 25

generic name reference to drug class that inhibits factor Xa

Answer 25

xaban

Question 26

dabigatran is unstable and must be stored in this type of bottle (can't use a pill-minder) while also avoiding excess heat/cold

Answer 26

dessicator

Question 27

black box contraindication for cilostazol

Answer 27

heart failure

Question 28

plasma protein activated by heparin, LMW heparin, and fondaparinux, it binds to factor Xa

Answer 28

antithrombin

Question 29

what is a relative contraindication for alteplase?

Answer 29

severe and uncontrolled HTN

Question 30

which anticoagulant cannot cross the placenta?

Answer 30

heparin

Question 31

suppresses platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking P2Y12 receptors

Answer 31

clopidogrel

Question 32

glycoprotein produced via recombinant DNA technology that is identical in aa sequence to human tissue plasminogen activator, can be injected directly into large peripheral blood clots that are obstructing flow

Answer 32

alteplase