Paedi Infecti Flashcards
(26 cards)
What age group is most commonly affected by croup?
Croup typically occurs in children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years.
When is croup usually worse?
Croup is often worse at night.
What are the main symptoms of croup?
• Barking cough
• Stridor
• Hoarse voice or cry
• May have associated wheeze
• Increased work of breathing
• May have fever, but no signs of toxicity
How is croup diagnosed?
Croup is a clinical diagnosis.
What is the treatment for croup?
Oral steroids (dexamethasone or prednisolone).
What age group is most commonly affected by croup?
Croup typically occurs in children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years.
When is croup usually worse?
Croup is often worse at night.
What are the main symptoms of croup?
• Barking cough
• Stridor
• Hoarse voice or cry
• May have associated wheeze
• Increased work of breathing
• May have fever, but no signs of toxicity
How is croup diagnosed?
Croup is a clinical diagnosis.
What is the treatment for croup?
Oral steroids (dexamethasone or prednisolone).
How is community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) most often diagnosed?
CAP is usually diagnosed clinically and is most often caused by viruses.
What are the clinical signs of pneumonia?
The presence of fever, cough, tachypnoea at rest, and retractions in younger children.
What is “complicated pneumonia”?
Complicated pneumonia occurs when there are complications like parapneumonic effusion, empyema, lung abscess, or necrotising pneumonia.
What are common symptoms of pneumonia?
• Fever
• Tachypnoea at rest
• Cough
• Increased work of breathing/respiratory distress
• Apnoea (in neonates)
• Abdominal pain
What are common examination findings in pneumonia?
• Lethargic/unwell appearance
• Hypoxaemia
• Tachypnoea
• Chest wall in-drawing, retractions, grunting, nasal flaring
• Crackles or bronchial breathing on auscultation
• Absent breath sounds and dull percussion note (suggestive of pleural effusion)
When should a child with pneumonia be admitted to the hospital?
Admission is needed for children requiring supplemental O2, NG or IV fluids, or those with moderate to severe work of breathing.
What oxygen saturation level requires supplemental oxygen in pneumonia?
If oxygen saturation is <90%, provide supplemental oxygen.
What is the first-line treatment for community-acquired pneumonia?
High-dose oral amoxicillin is as effective as IV benzylpenicillin. Most children can be managed with oral antibiotics, even if hospitalized.
How is community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) most often diagnosed?
CAP is usually diagnosed clinically and is most often caused by viruses.
What are the clinical signs of pneumonia?
The presence of fever, cough, tachypnoea at rest, and retractions in younger children.
What is “complicated pneumonia”?
Complicated pneumonia occurs when there are complications like parapneumonic effusion, empyema, lung abscess, or necrotising pneumonia.
What are common symptoms of pneumonia?
• Fever
• Tachypnoea at rest
• Cough
• Increased work of breathing/respiratory distress
• Apnoea (in neonates)
• Abdominal pain
What are common examination findings in pneumonia?
• Lethargic/unwell appearance
• Hypoxaemia
• Tachypnoea
• Chest wall in-drawing, retractions, grunting, nasal flaring
• Crackles or bronchial breathing on auscultation
• Absent breath sounds and dull percussion note (suggestive of pleural effusion)
When should a child with pneumonia be admitted to the hospital?
Admission is needed for children requiring supplemental O2, NG or IV fluids, or those with moderate to severe work of breathing.
