Paedi Non-blanching Rashes Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)?
A type of vasculitis that commonly affects children, presenting with glomerulonephritis, abdominal pain, arthralgia, and purpura.
What can trigger HSP?
HSP can follow an upper respiratory tract infection or GI infection
Where is the purpuric rash most commonly found in HSP?
On the lower limbs and buttocks.
What are common symptoms of HSP?
- generalised abdominal pain
- bloody diarrhoea
- nausea and vomiting
- joint pain
Which joints are commonly affected by arthralgia in HSP?
The knees and ankles, with possible peri-articular edema.
What does frothy urine suggest in HSP?
Frothy urine suggests proteinuria due to renal involvement.
What other renal symptom is common in HSP?
Hematuria (blood in urine) due to renal involvement.
Is fever common in HSP?
Yes, low-grade fever may be present.
How is HSP dx?
Clinically
What is the management for HSP?
Supportive care, including:
• Paracetamol for pain
• Prednisolone for severe pain
• Cautious use of NSAIDs (due to renal involvement)
What follow-up is needed for HSP?
Regular follow-up for renal involvement, including urine dip and blood pressure monitoring for six months.
What is Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
ITP is a condition where low platelet counts (<100 x 10⁹/L) cause a purpuric rash without a clear cause.
What often triggers ITP?
ITP usually follows a viral illness.
What are common symptoms of ITP?
• Prodromal viral illness in children
• Epistaxis (nosebleeds)
What clinical findings are typical in ITP?
Petechiae and/or bruising.
What blood test findings would suggest ITP?
A blood test (FBC) will show thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).
What additional tests might be done to exclude other causes of ITP?
• Bloodborne virus screen (HIV, hepatitis C)
• Bone marrow biopsy (if the diagnosis is uncertain)
What is the first-line treatment for ITP?
Oral prednisolone.
What other treatments may be offered for ITP?
• Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)
• Monoclonal antibodies like rituximab.
What is Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS)?
HUS is a condition defined by a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute kidney injury, and thrombocytopenia.
What are the typical symptoms of HUS?
• Diarrhea (often turning bloody around day 3)
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Vomiting
What are typical clinical findings in HUS?
• Abdominal tenderness
• Hypertension (due to acute kidney injury)
• Small petechiae on the skin (due to low platelet count)
What is the mainstay of treatment for HUS?
Supportive care, including fluid balance maintenance and correction of electrolyte abnormalities.
What can severe cases of HUS lead to?
Severe cases may lead to renal failure, requiring dialysis.
