Paediatrics

Question 1

What is included in the Kocher criteria for septic arthritis?

Answer 1

1. non weight bearing
2. temp > 38.5
3. ESR > 40
4. WBC > 12

Question 2

What is the triad of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 2

1. Oedema
2. Proteinuria
3. Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 3

In what age group is intussusception most common?

Answer 3

5-7 months

Question 4

How does Hirschsprung’s disease present?

Answer 4

Hirschsprung’s disease commonly presents as delayed/failed passage of meconium or abdominal pain/distension, constipation & bilious vomiting, poor weight gain

Question 5

What is Hirschsprung’s disease?

Answer 5

Congenital disease in which parasympathetic ganglionic cells (or the mesenteric plexus) fail to develop in the large intestine.

Question 6

How do you diagnose Hirschsprung’s disease?

Answer 6

Rectal biopsy

Question 7

Which features must be present before the age of 3 to diagnose ASD?

Answer 7

One of the following: abnormal or lack of symbolic play, lack of social attachments, abnormal/delayed receptive or expressive speech development.

Question 8

What is the common causative agent of epiglottitis?

Answer 8

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteria

Question 9

What is Kwashiorkor?

Answer 9

Kwashiorkor is a disease marked by severe protein malnutrition and bilateral extremity swelling.

Question 10

What is Marasmus?

Answer 10

Marasmus is severe undernutrition — a deficiency in all the macronutrients that the body requires to function, including carbohydrates, protein and fats.

Question 11

What is cow’s milk protein allergy?

Answer 11

CMPA is an immune-mediated allergic response to naturally-occurring milk proteins casein and whey.

Question 12

How should you treat cow’s milk protein allergy?

Answer 12

1st. Extensively hydrolysed formula
2nd. Amino acid formula

Question 13

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis?

Answer 13

Rotavirus is the most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis.