Paediatrics Flashcards
(26 cards)
What vaccines are given at 8 weeks?
Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio Pneumococcal Hib Hepatitis B Meningitis B Rotavirus
What age is the MMR vaccine give at?
1 year
What should a 3 month old be able to do?
Head control
Fix and follow
Vocalise
Laugh
What should a 6 month old be able to do?
Sit
Palmar transfers
Babble
Alert and interested
What should a 9 month old be able to do?
Crawl
Pincor grip
Stranger anxiety
What should a 12 month old be able to do?
Stand, walk
Understand commands, say mamma and dadda
Wave bye
What should a 2 year old be able to do?
Run, stairs
Draw circles and lines
2 word phrases
Uses fork and spoon
What should a 3 year old be able to do?
Stand on one foot
Build bridge with bricks
3 word phrases
Interactive play
What are some pre-natal causes of global developmental delay?
Chromosome disorders
Hypothryoidism
TORCH
Alcohol/drugs
What are some peri-natal causes of global developmental delay?
Hypoxic brain injury
Hypogylcaemia
What are some postnatal causes of global developmental delay?
Meningitis
Head injury
What are some causes of motor delay?
Cerebral palsy
Visual impairment
What are some causes of language delay?
Hearing loss
Cleft palate
Familial/normal variant
Environmental deprivation
What are some features of croup?
Caused by parainfluenza virus
6 months - 3 years
Prodrome
Barking cough
What is the classification of croup?
Mild - cough, no respiratory distress at rest
Moderate - cough, sternal recession, stridor
Severe - cough, sternal recession, stridor and agitation or lethargy
What is the treatment of croup?
Oral dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg
Moderate and severe - nebulised adrenaline 5ml:1000
What are the features of epiglottitis?
2-7 years
Haemophilius influenzae
Sudden sore throat, respiratory distress, drooling, dysphagia
What is HIE?
Hypoxic ischaemia encephalopathy
Clinical syndrome of brain injury
Cord prolapse, placental abruption
What are the causes of neonatal jaundice within the first 24 hours?
Sepsis Rhesus haemolytic disease ABO incompatibility Spherocytosis G6PD deficiency
What are the causes of neonatal jaundice after 2 weeks?
Sepsis Breastfeeding Hypothyroidism Cystic fibrosis Biliary atresia
What is necrotisiting enterocolitis and what are the signs?
Inflammatory bowel necrosis due to prematurity
Abdo distention, PR blood/mucus, shock
What is Hirchsprung’s disease?
Congenital absence of ganglia in a segment of colon
What is the electrolyte and acid-base imbalance in pyloric stenosis?
Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
What are some causes of acyanotic congenital heart disease?
VSD
PDA
Coarctation of aorta
ASD
