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4th Year SB > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

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2
Q

most common cause of bronchiolitis

A

respiratory synctal virus (RSV)

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3
Q

most common cause of erythema infectiousum

A

parvovirus B19

slapped cheek syndrome

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4
Q

single palmar crease

A

down syndrome trisomy 21

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5
Q

when and who gives vitamin K

A

immediately after birth by a mid wife

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6
Q

neonate born very agitated

A

alcohol in pregnancy

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7
Q

neonate born very quiet and inactive

A

opiates used in pregnancy

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8
Q

sickly baby with intractable crying who has chronic hiccups

A

GORD

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9
Q

sand paper rash

A

scarlet fever

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10
Q

one side of body strength normal

A

cerebral palsy

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11
Q

when is a heel prick test done

A

day 5

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12
Q

when is the examination of the new born done

A

within first 72 hours

then again at 6-8 weeks by GP

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13
Q

what suggests a diagnosis of toddlers diarrhoea

A

food bits in the faeces

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14
Q

what is the first thing down in paediatric resus

A

5 rescue breaths

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15
Q

what position should infants and older children be put in

A

infants = neutral position

older children = “sniffing”

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16
Q

what should you cover when providing a rescue breath in an infant

A

nose and mouth

[normal mouth to mouth for child over 1]

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17
Q

what pulse should you feel in infants and children over 1

A

infants = brachial pulse

child over 1 = carotid pulse

can also use femoral pulse

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18
Q

how should chest compressions be given in an infant

A

Use two fingers for an infant < 1 year

[use one or two hands for a child over 1 year to achieve an adequate depth of compression]

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19
Q

what is the ratio of CPR in children

A

15:2

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20
Q

what should you do in a child that is choking - with effective cough

A

encourage to cough

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21
Q

what should you do in a child that is choking - with ineffective cough and conscious

A

5 back blows

5 thrusts [chest for infants, abdomen for > 1]

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22
Q

what should you do in a child that is choking - with ineffective cough and unconscious

A

open airway
5 rescue breaths
start CPR

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23
Q

what fluids should be used for resuscitation in children and why

A

ISOTONIC i.e. 0.9% saline

hypotonic will cause cerebral oedema and may cause coning - DO NOT USE DEXTROSE

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24
Q

Newborn Life Support - ABCDE

A

A = provide warmth, clear airway, dry, stimulate

B = if HR < 100 give Positive Pressure Ventilation

C = ensure effective lung inflation then add chest compressions

D = consider adrenaline

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25
neutrapenia + sepsis
Piperacillin/Tazobactam if pen allergic = Teicoplanin + Aztreonam
26
returning to attachment figure for comfort and safety in face of fear or threat
safe haven
27
attachment figure acts as a base of security from which a child can explore surroundings
secure base
28
anxiety that occurs in absence of the attachment figure
seperation distress
29
child readily explores, uses carer as secure base, cries infrequently when carer not present. The carer has appropriate response to child being upset, encourages them to exploe and in tune to child needs "child playing happily with mum in room but becomes upset when she leaves"
secure attachment
30
child avoid/ignores parent when they leave and come back. Treats parents same as strangers. Carer is disinterested and uncomfortable with showing affection. Encourages separation/independence
anxious avoidant attachment
31
child explores little, wary of strangers, highly distressed when carer leaves. Carer is inconsistent and has unpredictable response
anxious ambivalent attachment
32
baby, whose feeding pattern has always been irregular, is irritable and is difficult to settle
difficult temperament
33
DDx for NAI
NAI ITP Von Willbrand
34
Tx for meningitis
IV Ceftriaxone + Dexamethasone IV Chloramphenicol if cef-allergic + gentamicin if E. coli + ampicillin if Listeria
35
difference in management of umbilical hernia and inguinal hernias in newborns
umbilical hernias = can be left alone to resolve inguinal hernias = require surgery due to risk of strangulation [within 2 weeks]
36
2-month-old baby with noise breathing, particularly when feeding, and poor food intake and weight gain - Diagnosis ?
Laryngomalacia
37
child with Webbed neck, Pectus excavatum, Short stature and Pulmonary stenosis
Noonan syndrome
38
A baby is noted to have micrognathia [undersized jaw] and a cleft palate. See posterior displacement of the tongue. He is placed prone due to upper airway obstruction. There is no family history of similar problem.
Pierre-Robin syndrome
39
what is used to diagnose Vesicoureteric reflux
micturating cystourethrogram
40
what is used to check the kidney for renal scarring
DMSA
41
child with lump in anterior triangle
Branchial cyst
42
child with lump in posterior triangle
cystic hygroma
43
2 year old - On examination; a small smooth cyst is identified which is located above the hyoid bone. On ultrasound the lesion appears to be a heterogenous and multiloculated mas
dermoid cyst
44
milestones = gross motor
``` Head control - 3 months Sitting balance - 6 months Crawling - 9 months Standing - 12 months Runs - 18 months Stairs – 2 feet/tread - 24 months Stairs – alternate feet - 36 months Hops - 48 months ```
45
milestones = fine motor and vision
``` Hand regard in midline - 3 months Grasps toy - palmar - 6 months Scissor grasp - 9 months Pincer grasp - 12 months Tower of 3-4 bricks - 18 months Tower of 6-7/scribble - 24 months Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle - 3 years Draws simple man - 4 years Copies square and triangle - 5 years ```
46
milestones = hearing and language
Vocalises - 3 months Babbles - 6 months Imitates sounds - 9 months Knows name - 12 months 2 body parts/5-20 words - 18 months Simple instructions/50+ words - 24 months Complex instructions/asks questions - 36 months Can tell stories of experiences - 48 months
47
milestones = social behavior and play
Social smile - 6 weeks Pleasure on friendly handling - 3 months Plays with feet/friendly with strangers - 6 months Plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness - 9 months Drinks from cup/waves bye-bye - 12 months Feeds with spoon, plays alone - 18 months Symbolic play/puts on some clothes - 2 years Pretend interactive play/toilet-trained - 3 years Understands turn-taking/dresses fully - 4 years
48
what are the live attenuated vaccines
``` BCG measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) influenza (intranasal) oral rotavirus oral polio yellow fever oral typhoid ```
49
what are the inactivated vaccines
rabies hepatitis A influenza
50
what are the toxoid [inactivated toxin] vaccines
tetanus diphtheria pertussis
51
what is child death between day 1 and 28 defined as
neonatal death
52
what should a child at 18 months be able to do
build a tower of 3 bricks, enjoy picture books, play alone, run, can say 5-20 words
53
what should a child at 12 months be able to do
fine motor = Pincer grasp gross motor = standing hearing and language = Knows name play and social = Drinks from cup/waves bye-bye
54
what should a child at 3 years be able to do
fine motor =Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle gross motor = Stairs – alternate feet hearing and language = Complex instructions/asks questions play and social = Pretend interactive play/toilet-trained
55
how do you work out milestones for a premature baby
corrected age is taken into consideration up to the age of 2 The child's age minus how many weeks early from 40 weeks
56
vaccines given at 8 weeks
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, and Hep B Pneumococcal [PCV] MenB Rotavirus
57
vaccines given at 12 weeks
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, and Hep B rotavirus
58
vaccines given at 16 weeks
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, and Hep B Men B PCV
59
vaccines at 1 year old
Hib/MenC booster PCV booster Men B booster MMR
60
vaccines at 3 years
Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio MMR
61
vaccines at 12 to 18 year
HPV - course of two injections at least 6 months apart
62
vaccine at 14 years
Tetanus, diptheria and polio Men ACWY
63
vaccine at 65 years old
Pneumococcal [PPV] inactivated influenza
64
vaccine at 70 years old
shingles
65
what are contraindications to getting the MMR
severe immunosuppression allergy to neomycin children who have received another live vaccine by injection within 4 weeks pregnancy should be avoided for at least 1 month following vaccination immunoglobulin therapy within the past 3 month
66
contraindications to BCG
``` previous BCG vaccination a past history of tuberculosis HIV pregnancy positive tuberculin test ```
67
what vaccine was introduced in 2013
rotavirus
68
placenta artery = oxygenated or de-oxygenated
de-oxygenated
69
placenta vein = oxygenated or de-oxygenated
oxygenated
70
what needs to be monitored with methlyphenidate (ritalin)
height and weight every 6 months
71
what checks does a new borns get
Clinical examination of newborn | Newborn Hearing Screening Programme e.g. oto-acoustic emissions test
72
what checks does a baby get at 1 month
Heel-prick test day 5-9 - hypothyroidism, PKU, metabolic diseases, cystic fibrosis, medium-chain acyl Co-A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) Midwife visit up to 4 weeks*
73
what check does a baby get after 1 month
Health visitor input GP examination at 6-8 weeks Routine immunisations

4th Year SB (22 decks)

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