Paeds infectious diseases

Question 1

How is fever assessed?

Answer 1

Colour
Responsiveness
Respiratory rate
Hydration (Capillary refill)
Additional worrying features

Question 2

How many vaccines are offered to children?

Answer 2

17 + 2 targeted programmed

Question 3

Which organisms cause meningitis?

Answer 3

Bacteria:
<1 month Group strep B, Ecoli, listeria
>1 month strep pneum, neisseria, Hib, TB

Viruses:
Enterovirus, HSV

Crytococcus and histoplasma in immunodeficiency

Question 4

What are the presentations of meningitis?

Answer 4

Older: fever, headache, neck stiffness, fits, photophobia, rash with meningococcal septicaemia

Younger: fever, irritability, back arching, high pitched scream, fits, bulging fontanelle

Question 5

What are the differentials for a child with a limp?

Answer 5

Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Irritable hip
Perthes
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
Malignancy

Question 6

What is Perthes disease?

Answer 6

An uncommon condition that affects children between the ages of three and 11 years

Blood supply to the head of the thigh bone is disrupted which causes the bone to deteriorate

This can cause pain, limping and limited movement of the hip joint

Question 7

What is TORCH in paeds?

Answer 7

A group of diseases that cause congenital conditions if a foetus is exposed to them in the uterus

Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simples
HIV

Other (such as syphilis, varicella, mumps, and parvovirus)

Question 8

What are some complications of VZV?

Answer 8

Acute cerebellar ataxia
Cellulitis
Encephalitis
Osteomyelitis
Pneumonia

Question 9

What is Lyme disease?

Answer 9

A bacterial infection spread through ticks

Symptoms: fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans

If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system

Diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings (e.g., rash), and the possibility of exposure to infected ticks

Question 10

What is Henoch-Schönlein purpura?

Answer 10

An autoimmune inflammation of blood vessels

Causes purpura, arthritis, haematuria

Question 11

What are some causes of rheumatological/vasculitis illnesses with fever and rash?

Answer 11

• Kawasakis
• HSP (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
• JIA (Jeuvenile idiopathic arthritis)
• SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosis)
• Rheumatic fever- Jones criteria