Page 1 NREMT Flashcards

Question

Rules of palm

Answer 1

1% for palm and fingers

Answer 2

Upper change in sensation behavior or movement normal functions of the brain are upset by injury two types of seizures ( partial and generalized)

Answer 3

Painful prolonged erections in males because smudging RBC's prevent normal blood drainage from penis

Answer 4

The reticular activating system (RAS), or extrathalamic control modulatory system, is a set of connected nuclei in the brains of vertebrates that is responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions.

Answer 5

Endotracheal intubation pressure to patient cricoid cartilage prevents aspiration, no fluid buildup

Answer 6

Insulin dependent, does not have enough insulin in the system

Answer 7

Oversees triage at MC

Answer 8

The person or persons who assume overall direction of a large- scale incident ( most senior members of the first service on scene)

Answer 9

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the body's cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Answer 10

``` Control bleed by clotting Deliver oxygen to cells Remove carbon dioxide from the cells Transport of gas Nutrition Excretion( kidneys) Protection Regulation ```

Answer 11

Infection of the appendix, pain in the umbilicus persistent pain in the RLQ, nausea and vomiting

Answer 12

Serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of surroundings.

Answer 13

Transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact

Answer 14

Creates paradoxical motion, blunt trauma from two or more fractured ribs in two or places move oppositely that of inspiration and expiration Pain at injury site symptoms of flail chest are chest pain and shortness of breath

Answer 15

Reverses narcotic depressant effects on level of consciousness and respiratory drive

Answer 16

Heart rate- 70-110 Respiratory- 20-30 Blood pressure- 80 to 120

Answer 17

lung volume expands as a result of the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (the muscles that are connected to the rib cage), thus expanding the thoracic cavity. Due to this increase in volume, the pressure is decreased,

Answer 18

Activation of emergency system, CPR, rapid defibrillation, basic and advanced EMS, ALS and post arrest care

Answer 19

Often occurs with patients suffering from MI inadequate pumping of blood by the heart contractions are decreased because damage to heart muscle, congestive heart failure, edema in feet ``` Chest pain or pressure Coma Decreased urination Fast breathing Fast pulse Heavy sweating, moist skin Lightheadedness Loss of alertness and ability to concentrate Restlessness, agitation, confusion Shortness of breath Skin that feels cool to the touch Pale skin color or blotchy skin Weak (thready) pulse ```

Answer 20

Connect muscle to bone

Answer 21

Most commonly injured organs Can bleed profusely

Answer 22

Rapid breathing associated with progressive damage to brain stem

Answer 23

Conditions that narrow or block the arteries of the heart, restricts the amount of blood passing through the artery. Reducing amount of oxygen delivered to the heart

Answer 24

Pooping dark tarry stool

Answer 25

is the vomiting of blood.The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract, typically above the suspensory muscle of duodenum Irritation or erosion of the lining of the esophagus or stomach

Answer 26

Attached to the abdominal wall

Answer 27

Patient unconscious with discernible vital sign, assess carotid for 30-45 seconds if no pulse start CPR, If pulse use passive rewarming oxygen passed through warm water humidifier

Answer 28

``` Labored breathing Absent lung sounds, distended neck veins Altered mental status Low blood pressure Narrowing pulse pressure Possibly injury penetrating chest Tracheal deviation ```

Answer 29

ointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum.When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool. Bleeding is typically divided into two main types: upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lower gastrointestinal bleeding.Causes of upper GI bleeds include: peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis and cancer, among others Patient may present with exhibit vomiting of frank blood or coffee grounds

Answer 30

(Red) treatable life- threatening illness or injury ``` Airway Uncontrolled bleeding Shock Severe burns Absent pulse Respirations more than 30 Altered mental status ```

Answer 31

Used in multiple casualty incidents fold or collapse

Answer 32

Tonic- body is rigid for no more than 30 seconds bowel control could be lost Clonic- body jerks violently for no more than 1 or 2 min patient may drool or foam at mouth Postictal- may regain consciousness immediately and enter a state of drowsiness or remain unconscious for several hours

Answer 33

Dizziness and drop in blood pressure, mother in supine and weight of the uterus, infant, placenta and amniotic fluid compress inferior vena cava resulting decrease in venous return to the heart; fetal hypoxia is due to maternal hypotension and obstruction of maternal aorta characterized by pallor(pale appearance), bradycardia, sweating, nausea

Answer 34

known by as electromechanical dissociation, refers to cardiac arrest in which a heart rhythm is observed on the electrocardiogram that should be producing a pulse, but is not.

Answer 35

act of coughing up blood or blood-stained mucus from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs. This can occur with lung cancer, infections such as tuberculosis, bronchitis, or pneumonia, and certain cardiovascular conditions.

Answer 36

Infectious bacterial disease that effects the lungs pain. Chronic cough or with blood pain with breathing result of some of type of MI or medication

Answer 37

Pulses that can be felt at outlying points of the body

Answer 38

99-96 degrees- shivering 95-91-intense shivering, difficulty speaking 90-86-muscle coordination is affected, thinking less clear 85-81- irrational, loses contact with environment, pulse and respirations are slow 80-78- loses consciousness, does not respond to spoken words

Answer 39

Typical signs of stroke occur but has a resolution of symptoms without treatment within 24 hours small clots may be temporary blocking the brain but resolves when the clot breaks up, and the brain had a short period of hypoxia and not enough to create damage

Answer 40

Fixed systems G-5,300 H- 6900 Regular systems M-3000 E-625 D- 350

Answer 41

trauma patient that has a palpable radial pulse should have a systolic blood pressure of at least 80 mmHg. The presence of a radial pulse is also a sign that a patient is not bleeding heavily into an internal body cavity.

Answer 42

Abnormal clotting of blood when body forms clots too readily or too slowly

Answer 43

Abnormal structure of the red blood cells Pain in arms, legs, chest Acute chest syndrome shortness of breath, chest pain, hypoxia, stroke, jaundice

Answer 44

Inferior tip of thorax ( sternum)

Answer 45

Stretching tearing of ligaments

Answer 46

Diminished or absent lung sounds Respiratory distress Elevated pulse Possible injury on that side of chest

Answer 47

Irregular or rapid heartbeats fluttering

Answer 48

Non insulin dependent, body fails to use insulin properly

Answer 49

Area between abdomen and back | Kidneys, pancreas, aorta

Answer 50

Rapid heartbeat

Answer 51

Infection of one of both lungs that is usually caused by bacteria viruses, fungi, or parasites. High fever ( 104F) shaking chills and a cough with sputum production. Shortness of breath, crackles in lungs, pale sweaty skin. Sharp with inhalation, can apply CPAP

Answer 52

Pre-eclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman whose blood pressure had been normal. It can lead to serious, even fatal, complications for both mother and baby. There may be no symptoms. High blood pressure and protein in the urine are key features. There may also be swelling in the legs and water retention, but this can be hard to distinguish from normal pregnancy.

Answer 53

Carrying away of heat by currents of air, water, or other gases or liquids

Answer 54

Sudden compression of the chest, sternum and ribs exert severe pressure on the heart and lungs forcing blood out of the right atrium and into jugular veins result of blood vessels near skin rupturing causing bruising of the face and neck, patients neck will be darker than rest of the body, bulging eyes, JVD, broken blood vessels in face

Answer 55

Pulse rate and quality, skin color and condition, cap refill amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute. The amount of blood put out by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction is called the stroke volume. The stroke volume and the heart rate determine the cardiac output.

Answer 56

Health- blue Fire- red reactivity- yellow Specific- white

Answer 57

Responsible for overseeing ambulances and ambulance personnel

Answer 58

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

Answer 59

Patients with moist, pale, and normal or cool skin, perspires heavily, drinking large quantities of water, body loses salts, bringing on painful muscle cramps( heat cramps) Cramps, weakness, rapid shallow breathing, heavily perspiration, loss of consciousness Remove patient from heat, administer oxygen, loosen or remove clothing to cool the patient

Answer 60

Second layer of skin, rich with blood vessels, nerves and specialized nerve endings

Answer 61

If first establish a " danger zone" and " safezone" safezone should be on the same level or upwind never downhill, maintain command until you are relieved or incidental is resolved

Answer 62

Application of an external heat source to rewarm the body. Rewarming too quickly can circulate peripherally stagnated blood and cool the central areas of the body causing cardiac arrest

Answer 63

Extremities

Answer 64

Provides names of chemical and concise but through descriptions of the actions that should be taken in case of hazmat emergencies

Answer 65

Carotid and femoral arteries pulses that emanate from larger arteries easiest to palpate

Answer 66

Progressive, genetic disease that causes persistent lung infections by mucus and limits the ability to breathe over time. Persistent coughing and frequent lung infections like pneumonia and bronchitis. Wheezing or shortness of breath. Poor growth or weight gain. Bulky stools or difficulty with bowel movements

Answer 67

Communicating with sector officers and hospital to manage transportation of patients to hospitals

Answer 68

Liver does not function properly due to long term damage Fluid buildup in abdomen

Answer 69

``` Paralysis of extremities Changes in neurological function Pain with moving Tenderness alone midline spine Impaired breathing ( with diaphragm) Reversed movements with breathing Priapism Loss of bowel control Neurogenic shock ```

Answer 70

Posterior of skull

Answer 71

Compressions 100-120 per min 2 inches in adults Allow full relaxation on upstroke If patient regains pulse check breathing ventilate or give oxygen Transport when you have administered three shocks, and received no shock advised messages, CAB 5 cycles two min When encountering an unconscious person, briefly check for no breathing or no normal breathing Remember, AHA guidelines recommend that we assess an unconscious, non-bleeding adult patient's pulse, before assessing their airway, the presence or absence of spontaneous respirations, and then respiratory effort. So, in this case you would open his airway and deliver 2 rescue breaths because you have already determined he has a pulse and is unresponsive.

Answer 72

Blood pools within the brain

Answer 73

Loss of kidneys ability to filter the blood and remove focus and excess fluid from the body ( acute and chronic)

Answer 74

The consent is presumed by a patient or patients parent or guardian They would give if they could such as a unconscious patient, or a parent that could not be contacted

Answer 75

Scene size up, triage, organization

Answer 76

Heart fails as a pump, blood volume is lost, blood vessels dilate,

Answer 77

is defined as a cardiac arrest rhythm in which there is no discernible electrical activity on the ECG monitor. Asystole is sometimes referred to as a “flat line.” Confirmation that a “flat line”

Answer 78

Stomach, Spleen, left kidney, pancreas, liver

Answer 79

``` Distended neck veins Low blood pressure Narrowing pulse pressure Increased pulse and respirations Injury to the chest ```

Answer 80

Brain and spinal cord

Answer 81

Low level of oxygen in the blood

Answer 82

Do not approach unless escorted keep vehicles 100 ft from the helicopter Approach helicopter from the downhill side when parked on a hillside

Answer 83

(Stokes stretcher) | Can be used to move patient from one level to another or over rough terrain

Answer 84

Orthopedic stretcher splits into two pieces allowing patient to be scooped Not recommended for spinal injuries

Answer 85

``` Cramps Nausea Weakness Thirst Bruising Coughing or vomiting blood Rigid tender abdomen ```

Answer 86

Control bleeding by minimizing swelling and constricting blood vessels

Answer 87

(Yellow) serious but not life- threatening illnesses Burns without airway problems Multiple bone or joint injuries Back injuries with or without spinal cord damage Are alert Have pulses Respirations less than 30

Answer 88

Where bone meet

Answer 89

Increased heart rate threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection injures its own tissues and organs.Common signs and symptoms include fever, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, and confusion.There may also be symptoms related to a specific infection, such as a cough with pneumonia, or painful urination with a kidney infection. In the very young, old, and people with a weakened immune system, there may be no symptoms of a specific infection and the body temperature may be low or normal rather than high. Severe sepsis is sepsis causing poor organ function or insufficient blood flow. Insufficient blood flow may be evident by low blood pressure, high blood lactate, or low urine output. Septic shock

Answer 90

Uncontrolled dilation of blood vessels from nerve paralysis caused by spinal cord injuries, vessels dilate to the point to where the blood can no longer fill it resulting in low blood pressure, occasionally with a slowed heart rate

Answer 91

Allows the body to rewarm itself, covering the patient and removal of wet clothing to prevent further heat loss, use for unresponsive patient

Answer 92

Muscle injury caused by overstretching or overexertion

Answer 93

Dilation or widening of a blood vessel often found in the abdomen and are usually asymptomatic( no symptoms) but can be the cause of severe pain. The risk of rupture is increase as the wall of the vessel becomes thinner Inner layer of aorta is damaged and blood leaks from the inner portions to the outer layers, causing a tearing pain in the back, rapid onset pulsating mass

Answer 94

When the placenta covers the opening in the mother's cervix.

Answer 95

excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration.

Answer 96

Mouth and nose smaller and easily obstructed Tongue takes up more space New born and infants breath through their noses Trachea is softer and more flexible narrower Chest wall is softer, tend to depend on their diaphragms than adults Hyperextension or flex ion of the neck may result in airway obstruction Towel under shoulders of supine infant can keep airway in line Watch abdomen to evaluate their breathing

Answer 97

Comminuted-( broken in several places) Green stick- ( incomplete break) Angulated-( broken bone at an angle) Fracture- ( any break)

Answer 98

No known cause common in children

Answer 99

Nasal cannula- 44% Bag valve mask-100% Mouth to mask- 55% None rebreather- 95%

Answer 100

(Green) walking wounded

Answer 101

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. Really late menstrual cycle ``` Light vaginal bleeding Nausea and vomiting with pain Lower abdominal pain Sharp abdominal cramps Pain on one side of your body Dizziness or weakness Pain in your shoulder, neck, or rectum If the fallopian tube ruptures, the pain and bleeding could be severe enough to cause fainting. ```

Answer 102

(Air bubble) sucked into vessel and carried to lungs ( pulmonary embolism) can cause cardiac arrest

Answer 103

Endotracheal intubation pressure to patient cricoid cartilage prevents aspiration, no fluid buildup

Answer 104

Area of contamination

Answer 105

First layer of protection for the spinal cord

Answer 106

Kidneys form hard stones that descend down the ureter on the way to the way to the bladder, causes flank pain that radiates to the groin area, causes visceral pain from the kidney stone, nausea and vomiting

Answer 107

Hyperventilation (also called overbreathing) occurs when the rate and quantity of alveolar ventilation of carbon dioxide exceeds the body's production of carbon dioxide.A person may regularly hyperventilate, a condition called hyperventilation syndrome. cause a number of physical symptoms: dizziness, tingling in the lips, hands or feet, headache, weakness, fainting and seizures.

Answer 108

Rapid heart rate Rapid respiratory rate Pale, cool, clammy

Answer 109

Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar). High blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly. Tachycardia, rapid respirations and dropping blood pressure, altered mental status, warm red skin

Answer 110

Decontamination corridor

Answer 111

Inherited diseases like polycystic kidney disease, poorly controlled diabetes or high blood pressure that go untreated

Answer 112

A pain in the chest, blood supply through a narrow artery to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving oxygen comes on after stress or exertion the pain will diminish when the exertion stops doesn't last longer than 5 min

Answer 113

Is not as great as a concern as a low pulse

Answer 114

Inherited disorder that prevent from producing certain clotting factors

Answer 115

Warp in sterile dressing and secure dressing with gauze, wrap or bag amputated part in plastic bag keep cool by cold packs, do not immerse directly in water or saline, do not let part come into direct contact with ice

Answer 116

Will cause blood vessels to dilate( get large) and cells to leak fluid, causes hypotension, bronchoconstriction, decrease ability of capillaries to contain fluid Symptoms Respiratory distress, shock ( altered mental status, flushed dry skin, pale, cool , clammy) increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure

Answer 117

Control of involuntary functions, heartbeat, breathing, control of the diameter of vessels

Answer 118

(Reeves stretcher) | Useful in restricted areas or narrow hallways

Answer 119

A fistula is an abnormal anastomosis, that is, an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery, but they can also result from an infection or inflammation.

Answer 120

Rapid shallow breathing

Answer 121

Single agency controls all resources and operations

Answer 122

100 by 100, marked with one flare in an upwind position

Answer 123

Rapid heartbeat

Answer 124

Don't use lights or siren unless it is a life threatening situation

Answer 125

Tib-fib=1 pint Femur= 2 pints Pelvic = 3 to 4 pints

Answer 126

Opening at the base of the skull through which spinal cord passes from the Brain

Answer 127

Heart is in shock but body is still able to maintain perfusion Increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased respirations, pale, cool, clammy, skin Increased capillary refill time in infants

Answer 128

Skull, spine, ribs, and sternum

Answer 129

Medical condition that causes seizures, multiple seizures from unknown causes. Some are born with it, others develop after head injury or surgery

Answer 130

Cricoid ring

Answer 131

communication disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language (typically in the left half of the brain). Individuals who experience damage to the right side of the brain

Answer 132

When a hematoma occurs and increases pressure inside the skull, pressure pushes pressure on brain, reduces blood flow to the brain( unilateral weakness, decreasing levels of consciousness, increased blood pressure to try to perfuse brain tissue,slow heart rate Cushing reflex- increased blood pressure, decreased pulse

Answer 133

Irregular prelabor contractions of the uterus and not sustained, does not indicate impending delivery

Answer 134

Patient sit and lean forward, apply pressure to fleshly portion around nostrils Do not lean back, if patient becomes unconscious place patient in recovery and be prepared to suction and provide airway

Answer 135

(CHF) literally means collection of watery fluid in the lungs. Congestive heart failure patient develops dyspnea it can feel like a drowning the patient may begin coughing up frothy sputum sweaty, cool and clammy. Tachycardia, hypertension, rapid labored respirations, hear crackles. If right heart failure there may be swelling of lower extremities. JVD

Answer 136

absent gas exchange. It may affect part or all of a lung. It is usually not bilateral. It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.

Answer 137

Body can no longer compensate Falling blood pressure weak rapid carotid pulses with absent distal pulses

Answer 138

Does not mix with water use alcohol initially

Answer 139

Liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas

Answer 140

Characterized by either and almost complete non interaction of or with environment

Answer 141

Caused by a blockage, clot or embolism occluded an artery If the artery remains blocked for more than a few minutes, the brain cells may die. This is why immediate medical treatment is critical. the most common kind of stroke,

Answer 142

Low pitched rattling lung sounds, resemble snoring, heard in patients with COPD

Answer 143

Fragments of larger cells that crucial to the formation of clots, rapid response to stop bleeding from a injured site, blocks coronary artery results on heart attack

Answer 144

Resulting in fractured skull result in bleeding or CSF increased pressure within the skull, do not stop bleeding or apply pressure, collect drainage with gauze pad

Answer 145

Difficult, labored breathing

Answer 146

Care that would be expected to be provided

Answer 147

is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied. In a healthy, young human adult, tidal volume is approximately 500 mL per inspiration or 7 mL/kg of body mass.

Answer 148

Bowel contents let loose into peritoneal cavity, result of trauma bleeding or ruptured spleen ( LUQ) abdomen is painful and rigid, symptoms are fever, muscles involuntarily contract

Answer 149

Altered mental status, pale cool clammy skin,nausea and vomiting, increased pulse( tachycardic) respirations will increase,drop in blood pressure

Answer 150

Appendix, right kidney,colon, small intestines, ureter

Answer 151

Bleeding from the arachnoid layer of the meninges

Answer 152

Causing bodily harm ( restraining a person)

Answer 153

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically presents within 7 to 10 days after the end of the menstrual cycle and is characterized by bilateral lower abdominal quadrant pain, fever, painful intercourse, and vaginal discharge. PID frequently is the result of a sexually transmitted disease, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Answer 154

Infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord occurs between one month and five years ( high fever, stiff neck, lethargic, headache

Answer 155

Portion of myocardium dies as a result of oxygen starvation, often take aspirin to prevent clots blocking the coronary artery to slow the heart and make it beat less strongly

Answer 156

Inflammation of pancreas, common with patients with alcohol problems, Because pancreas is located in retro peritoneal space pain may radiate to the back Can present with signs of shock

Answer 157

Bone, ligament, Bone

Answer 158

Pulses that can be felt at outlying points of the body

Answer 159

Forms forehead

Answer 160

Neurological posturing, flexing arms and wrists and extending legs and feet

Answer 161

Failure of heart to pump effectively leading to excessive blood or fluid in the lungs or body causes edema or swelling. The fluids congest or clog the organs, could be from emphysema or acute MI or hypertension Reveal crackling(rales) bubbly tachycardia, dyspnea, elevated blood pressure, cool clammy skin, pedal edema

Answer 162

If cranium is fractured it is open head injury If cranium is intact it is a closed head injury

Answer 163

Infected or inflamed it can swell and obstruct or close off the windpipe. Occurs quickly progression ranges from just a few hours to a few days, suspected when treating a child with stridor ( sudden onset of high fever) painful swallowing, child will drool, tripod position, use humidified oxygen

Answer 164

Heart rate- 80-120 Respiratory-20-30 Blood pressure- 80 to 110

Answer 165

Stabilizing bones and preventing further movement and bleeding

Answer 166

Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure. It is a form of hyperventilation, which is any breathing pattern that reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration. In metabolic acidosis, breathing is first rapid and shallow[1] but as acidosis worsens, breathing gradually becomes deep, labored and gasping. It is this latter type of breathing pattern that is referred to as Kussmaul breathing.

Answer 167

Disturbance in heart rate and rhythm (cardiac dysthymia) heartbeats extremely fast

Answer 168

Common form, pumps blood through specialized filters to remove toxins

Answer 169

bloating of the stomach when air is pumped into it. This may be done when someone is performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation and blowing air into the mouth of someone who is not breathing spontaneously. The primary reason this occurs is too much air is delivered during rescue breathing. Apply manual pressure over patients upper abdomen

Answer 170

( ischemia) lack of oxygen in the heart muscle,blanket term that refers to any time the heart may not be getting enough oxygen. Chest pain crushing, dull, heavy, squeezing radiates along arms upper abdomen or jaw. Has history of heart problems. Sudden onset of sweating, nausea or vomiting, anxiety, generalized weakness, abnormal pulse and blood pressure. Place patient sitting up

Answer 171

Left kidney Colon, small intestines

Answer 172

White fibrous material in bones

Answer 173

Coup injury- bruising of brain occurs on the side of the blow Contrecoup- bruising occurs on opposite side of brain

Answer 174

Brief 10 seconds no dramatic motor activity Altered mental status that passes quickly enough that patient and bystanders may not know anything happened

Answer 175

Return of spontaneous circulation

Answer 176

Flood with water

Answer 177

Sign of dehydration or hypovolemia

Answer 178

Not breathing

Answer 179

Flood with water, avoid washing chemicals back into eye or unaffected eye, keep water running from a faucet , low pressure lose, flow should be from medial (nasal) corner of eye to lateral corner, wash for 20 min, cover both eyes with moistened pads

Answer 180

Irregular breathing, gasping breaths precede apnea and death

Answer 181

Covers the organs

Answer 182

Equipment and other emergency rescuers are staged

Answer 183

Two fused bone in upper jaw each called the maxilla

Answer 184

Lines the abdominal cavity most organs are closed within peritoneum Liver, spleen, appendix, small and large colon ( uterus, Fallopian tubes, ovaries) Two layers of the peritoneum ( visceral, parietal)

Answer 185

One sided weakness

Answer 186

Injury to heart causes blood flow into the surrounding pericardial sac, sac fills with blood and compresses chambers of heart to a point where they can no longer adequately fill, backing up blood into the veins Resulting from penetrating trauma ( stab wound) JVD, signs of shock, chest pain, JVD, signs of shock, narrowed pulse pressure

Answer 187

Superior/ inferior vena cava gets deoxygenated blood from body sends it to right ventricle

Answer 188

Direct- lacerations,bruises by broken bones Indirect- shock or impact, concussions Pupils dilated but unreactive

Answer 189

COPD often hear rhonchi, occurs when trachea, windpipe and large and small bronchi ( airways within the lungs become inflamed because of infection of irritation, coughing up thickened mucus and shortness of breath

Answer 190

When cooling affects the body, exposure to cold reduces body heat, unable to maintain its proper temperature Patients with injuries, chronic illness will show effects of cold much sooner than healthy persons, unconscious person laying on ground is more prone to heat loss

Answer 191

Seldom recommended Possibly injure frozen tissues Heat water to between 100-105 degrees, do not allow a injured area to touch sides or bottom of container

Answer 192

shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.

Answer 193

Failure to take medications Hypoxia, stroke, brain injury, toxin withdrawal, hypoglycemia Common in children with high fever ( febrile) a

Answer 194

Low blood sugar, sudden onset abnormal behavior. Fight or flight response( blood vessels constrict, pale sweaty skin, tachycardia, rapid breathing seizures can occur blood sugar less than 60 mg/dl mild alterations less than 50 mg/ do significant alterations include unresponsiveness

Answer 195

Is a condition in which a blood clot is embedded in one of the major deep veins of the lower legs. Clot blocks blood circulation through these veins which carry blood from the lower body back to the heart. Cause acute pain, swelling or warmth in the affected leg, use oxygen

Answer 196

0. 1. 2 Appear-blue.Trunk/pink. Pink Arms/blue Pulse- 0. Under 100. Over 100 Grima-NA. Facial grimace sneeze,cry Activi-NA. Slight activity. Moving normal Respi-NA. Slow irregular. Good breath Strong cry

Answer 197

abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes ``` Brainstem lesions: cerebrovascular event. Encephalitis. Raised intracranial pressure. Heart failure Chronic pulmonary oedema. Altitude sickness. ```

Answer 198

Pairs of nerve that travel from the brain without passing through the spinal cord

Answer 199

Control internal and external bleeding from an extermity produces form of direct pressure

Answer 200

Coma ( depressed level of consciousness) pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression Opiate Triad

Answer 201

Typical signs of stroke occur but has a resolution of symptoms without treatment within 24 hours small clots may be temporary blocking the brain but resolves when the clot breaks up, and the brain had a short period of hypoxia and not enough to create damage

Answer 202

Set of regulations and ethical considerations that define the scope or extend and limits

Answer 203

Muscle, Tendon, bone

Answer 204

Patients who are obese

Answer 205

Legally able, awake and oriented, fully informed sign a release form

Answer 206

Heart rate- 80-130 Respiratory-20-30 Blood pressure- (systolic) 70 to 100

Answer 207

Muscular tissue of heart

Answer 208

Is a blood clot in the lung. The clot usually form in smaller vessels in the leg, pelvis, arms, or heart, but occasionally the clot can be large.pulmonary embolism occurs when part or all of DVT (deep vein Thrombosis) breaks away and travels through the blood in the veins and lodges in the lungs. Patient cannot get enough oxygen in the blood and become acutely short of breath pleuritic chest pain. Cough sweaty skin, cyanotic, and tachypnea

Answer 209

Seizures that accompany a high fever( using found in children

Answer 210

Mind affecting or mind altering drugs (LSD, PCP, mushrooms) Fast pulse rate Dilated pupils Flushed face

Answer 211

Viral illnesses that result in inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi . Illness of children six months to four years that often occurs at night. Sometimes follows a cold or other respiratory infection. Tissues in the airway become swollen and restrict passage of air develop seal like bark cough difficulty breathing nasal flaring retraction of muscles paleness with cyanosis restlessness use humidified oxygen

Answer 212

(Complex partial seizures are often preceded by a seizure aura.[12] The seizure aura is a simple partial seizure.The aura may manifest itself as a feeling of déjà vu, jamais vu, fear, euphoria or depersonalization.[13][better source needed] The seizure aura might also occur as a visual disturbance, such as tunnel vision or a change in the perceived size of objects.[14] Once consciousness is impaired, the person may display automatisms such as lip smacking, chewing or swallowing.[13] There may also be loss of memory (amnesia) surrounding the seizural eventThe person may still be able to perform routine tasks such as walking, although such movements are not purposeful or planned. Witnesses may not recognize that anything is wrong.

Answer 213

Moveable joint formed between mandible and temporal bone

Answer 214

Pressure( pressure injuries Blast wave( secondary pieces impact Tertiary( impact against objects Quaternary (chemicals

Answer 215

Collection of blood between the brain and dura ( slower onset) 12 to 24 hours

Answer 216

occurs when the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around the fetal neck 360 degrees. Nuchal cords are not very common, with prevalence rates of 6% to 37%. Up to half of nuchal cords resolve before delivery.

Answer 217

oxygen saturation of a patient's blood

Answer 218

Mechanical obstruction of cardiac muscle, Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, becks triad( JVD, narrowing blood pressure, muffled heart sounds

Answer 219

When the placenta covers the opening in the mother's cervix.

Answer 220

Blood between the dura and the skull ( quicker onset)

Answer 221

Not breathing

Answer 222

Heart rate- 70 Respiratory- 16-20 Blood pressure- 120/80 normal blood pressure

Answer 223

Severe swelling in extremity so severe that the body can no longer perfuse the tissue against the pressure, pain swelling, PMS reduced or absent Splint, cold , application, elevation, transport

Answer 224

Placing a person in fear of bodily harmf

Answer 225

Infection that begins in the urinary tract that ascends up the ureter into the kidney, unilateral flank pain

Answer 226

Right and left superior skull

Answer 227

Lack of oxygen, chest pain in heart restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen

Answer 228

Appearance Work of breathing Circulation to skin

Answer 229

Irreversible renal failure, kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration, patients require dialysis

Answer 230

(COPD) shortness of breath due to over inflation of the alveoli long term shortness of breath is the most common symptom,cough caused by production of mucus and wheezing, distant lung sounds, barrel chest

Answer 231

``` Eyes-4 Spontaneous-4 Verbal-3 Pain-2 No response-1 ``` ``` Verbal-5 Oriented-5 Confused-4 Inappropriate words-3 Sounds-2 No response-1 ``` ``` Motor-6 Obey commands-6 Localizes pain-5 Withdrawals-4 Flex-3 Extend-2 No response-1 ```

Answer 232

Liver, right Kidney, colon, pancreas, gallbladder

Answer 233

Sense of being unwell, fatigue, diffuse

Answer 234

Acute sigmoid diverticulitis should be suspected in patients with the clinical triad of left lower-quadrant pain, fever, and chills.

Answer 235

One sided weakness

Answer 236

Occur as a result of shock, toxic ingestions

Answer 237

Patients with hot skin, dry or moist skin temperature, mechanisms fail and body cannot rid itself of excessive heat, response to loss fluid and salt, ``` the patient stops sweating Loss of consciousness Rapid shallow breathing Full and rapid pulse Little perspiration Dilated pupils No muscle cramps Remove patient from heat apply cool packs to neck Groin, armpits, administer oxygen ```

Answer 238

Occurs when the placenta detected from the inner wall of the womb before delivery. The condition can deprive the baby of oxygen and nutrients Vaginal bleeding, belly pain, and back pain in the last 12 weeks of pregnancy

Answer 239

Tissue that covers the joint ends of bone

Answer 240

Increase in body temperature above normal in which is life- threatening Preexisting conditions such as dehydration, diabetes, fever,fatigue, high blood pressure, lung problems may intensify effects of heat exposure

Answer 241

Abnormal sounds heard over a patients lungs

Answer 242

``` Shivering Numbness Stiff rigid posture Drowsiness Rapid breathing Rapid pulse Cool abdominal skin temperature ```

Answer 243

Peritoneal tenderness, more widespread and efficient nerve endings more easily located. Blood leaking or inflammation from the RLQ ( appendix) sharp constant and localized

Answer 244

Muscular tissue of heart

Answer 245

results of high blood sugar, dehydration, altered mental status and shock A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones). Symptoms include thirst, frequent urination, nausea, abdominal pain, weakness, fruity-scented breath, and confusion. 400mg/dl

Answer 246

Slower process, treatment done in the home uses peritoneal cavity as a means of filtering blood

Answer 247

Do not open eyelids if burned, apply sterile gauze pads to both eyes of thermal, if burn is chemical flush eye for 20 min en route to hospital

Answer 248

Harsh vibration noise when breathing, obstruction of windpipe or larynx Upper airway obstruction The high pitched noise heard during inhalation is called Stridor, and the noise you hear is the sound of air straining to get past an obstruction. This could be from a foreign object, laryngeal edema or food. a high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree. Stridor is a physical sign which is caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway. It can be inspiratory, expiratory or biphasic, although it is usually heard during inspiration. Inspiratory stridor often occurs in children with croup. It may be indicative of serious airway obstruction from severe conditions such as epiglottitis, a foreign body lodged in the airway

Answer 249

Outer most layer of skin, composed of dead cells, contains no blood vessels or nerves

Answer 250

Receives oxygen and send messages to the body

Answer 251

Do not wash chemical with water, brush away

Answer 252

Wash with water

Answer 253

Depressant effect on nervous system ( sleeping pill, barbiturates, rohypnol) Sluggish pulse and low breathing rates

Answer 254

Several groups of muscles that run between the ribs and help form and move the chest wall, involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing head muscles help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity to facilitate

Answer 255

Affects the entire brain and affect consciousness of patient

Answer 256

the lungs recoil to force the air out of the lungs. The intercostal muscles relax, returning the chest wall to its original position . During exhalation, the diaphragm also relaxes, moving higher into the thoracic cavity.

Answer 257

When a lung collapses without injury and leaks air into the thorax. Sharp, pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia, rapid breathing, low pulse ox, cyanosis, breath sounds that are decreased or absent

Answer 258

First on scene to establish order and incident command system

Answer 259

Loss heart function breathing and consciousness C(circulation pulse) A(airway) B( breathing)

Answer 260

tends to occur in clinical situations such as ventilation, resuscitation, trauma lung may be punctured or in patients with lung disease with no avenue of escape The most common findings in people with tension pneumothorax are chest pain and respiratory distress, often with an increased heart rate (tachycardia) and rapid breathing (tachypnea) in the initial stages. Other findings may include quieter breath sounds on one side of the chest, low oxygen levels and blood pressure, and displacement of the trachea away from the affected side. Rarely, there may be cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels), altered level of consciousness, a hyperresonant percussion note on examination of the affected side with reduced expansion and decreased movement

Answer 261

Producing stupor or sleep used to relieve pain | ( codeine, oxycodone, heroin) feeling of relaxation

Answer 262

Several agencies work independently but cooperatively

Answer 263

From the organs within the abdomen, dull achy, cannot pinpoint specific location

Answer 264

Contains retroperitoneal space

Answer 265

Shock resulting from blood loss or fluid loss ( hemorrhagic shock) ``` cold or clammy skin pale skin rapid, shallow breathing rapid heart rate little or no urine output confusion weakness weak pulse blue lips and fingernails lightheadedness loss of consciousness ```

Answer 266

Stimulants that affect the nervous system and excite the user (Caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine) Increased pulse and breathing rates, dry mouth, dilated pupils, sweating

Answer 267

Normal breath sounds do not indicate respiratory inadequacy

Answer 268

In place of a parent to give consent for care of a child

Answer 269

Seizures that occur during pregnancy Eclampsia can follow a condition of high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine during pregnancy (preeclampsia). Symptoms that signal an increasing risk of eclampsia include upper right abdominal pain, severe headache, and vision and mental status changes.

Answer 270

central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two pleural sacs. It contains most of the thoracic organs, and acts as a conduit for structures traversing the thorax on their way into the abdomen.

Answer 271

(Black) Dead or fatally injured Exposed brain matter Cardiac arrest, no pulse for 20 min except for cold water drowning No breathing no pulse

Answer 272

Cheekbone on each side of the skull | zygomatic bone

Answer 273

Heart rate- 140-160 Respiratory- 40-60 30-40 after birth Blood pressure (systolic)- 70 to 90

Answer 274

Scene is hazardous, conditions require repositioning, must reach other patients Move patient in direction of the long axis of body

Answer 275

Layers of fat and soft tissue below the dermis

Answer 276

Largest artery in body, penetrating can cause direct damage that can result in massive and fatal bleeding Chest pain/ abdominal differences Different blood pressure in each arm

Answer 277

Irregular and unpredictable breathing resulting from (ICP)

Answer 278

Extending the arms with the shoulders rotated inward and wrists flexed with legs extended

Answer 279

Oxygen rich blood is emptied from arteries to capillaries which supply every cell in body

Answer 280

Soft spot on infants scalp, a sunken fontanelle may indicate dehydration Bulging fontanelle may indicate elevated (ICP)

Answer 281

Bruising ( eccymosis) behind the ear, sign of cranial fracture

Answer 282

Adult- head-9 torso-9 abdomen-9 back- (upper 9) ( lower 9) arms-9 whole arm 4 1/2 front and back legs- front9 back9 Child- head- 18 Torso-18 Back-18 Arms- front4 1/2 back4 1/2 9 each legs- front7 back7 Infant- head-18 Torso-18 back- 18 Arms- 9 each Legs- 14

Answer 283

Difficult to feel or obliterated easily with slight pressure

Answer 284

First unit blocks incident by parking upstream(apparatus) to block crash from traffic ambulances should be parked downstream in a safe loading area past the accident

Answer 285

automated external defibrillator Analyze heart rhythm should be attached only to patients in cardiac arrest ( pulseless) unresponsive ``` Shockable rhythms( ventricular fibrillation) Ventricular tachycardia ``` Non shockable rhythms (pulseless electrical activity Asystole Infants use a manual defibrillator patients under 8 use AED with pediatric dose attenuator

Answer 286

Inflammation of the bladder, caused by gallstones pain in RUQ, may radiate to shoulders, worsened by ingestion of foods high in fat, and can abruptly end

Answer 287

Haematochezia is commonly associated with lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but may also occur from a brisk upper gastrointestinal bleed. The difference between hematochezia and rectorrhagia is that, in the latter, rectal bleeding is not associated with defecation; instead, it is associated with expulsion of fresh bright red blood without stools.

Answer 288

Death or injury of brain tissue that is deprived of oxygen. Artery in brain is blocked or ruptured disrupting the supply of oxygenated blood or causing bleeding into the brain ( rapid transport)

Answer 289

Application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits and groin use for responsive patients

Answer 290

Spontaneous means there is no traumatic injury to the chest or lung. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in people without lung disease. It occurs most often in tall, thin, young people. Sometimes people have a family history of this problem. People who have had one spontaneous pneumothorax are at higher risk of the same thing (on the same side or the other side) occurring again. Spontaneous pneumothorax is a collection of air or gas in the space between the lungs and the chest that "collapses" the lung and prevents it from inflating completely.

Answer 291

Compression injuries (diving)

Answer 292

Connect bone to bone

Answer 293

Placing patient on ground or side to drain fluid, loosen restrictive clothing, protect patient from injury, but do not hold still, protect airway and suction if necessary, if cyanotic ventilate with supplemental oxygen

Answer 294

Wash away chemicals with flowing water, if dry chemical brush away as much of the chemical as possible then flush the skin, continuous flooding of the area is required for 20 min, remove clothing and jewelry don not contaminate skin that has not been in contact with chemical

Answer 295

Unstable patient every 5 min, stable patient 15 min

Answer 296

4-6 minutes

Answer 297

Capillary sphincter

Answer 298

epicardium (external layer), the the thin, transparent outer layer of the wall and is composed of delicate connective tissue. myocardium (middle layer muscle tissue responsible for the pumping of the ventricles and the endocardium (inner layer).

Answer 299

Incloses the heart The pericardial sac has two layers, a serous layer and a fibrous layer. It encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid. The pericardium fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection, and provides the lubrication for the heart.

Answer 300

The pericardium (from the Greek περί, "around" and κάρδιον, "heart") is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. The pericardial sac has two layers, a serous layer and a fibrous layer. It encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid. The pericardium fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection, and provides the lubrication for the heart.

Answer 301

The pericardium (from the Greek περί, "around" and κάρδιον, "heart") is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. The pericardial sac has two layers, a serous layer and a fibrous layer. It encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid. The pericardium fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection, and provides the lubrication for the heart.

Answer 302

at least 100 compressions per min

Answer 303

condition whereby a person's pupils are naturally unequal.

Answer 304

pitched whistling sound made while breathing. Most commonly wheezing occurs during breathing out (expiration)

Answer 305

Start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest Compress at a rate of 100 to 120 2 inches for adults 1/3 the depth of the chest about 2 inches for children 1/3 the depth of chest 1 1/2 for infants Minimize interruptions

Answer 306

Respiratory failure or shock

Answer 307

Chest compressions Airway Breathing

Answer 308

Provide rescue breathing 1 breath every 5-6 seconds or 10-12 breaths/min Check pulse every 2 min

Answer 309

Cerebrum- largest and most superior Cerebellum- inferior to the cerebrum Temporal and occipital lobes are parts of the cerebrum

Answer 310

Often presents with raccoon eyes

Answer 311

25 to 100 g orally adult Administer aqueous suspension or as a slurry in water. Single dose: <1 year: 0.5 to 1 g/kg or 10 to 25 g orally or by nasogastric tube once 1-12 years: 0.5 to 1 g/kg or 25 to 50 g orally or by nasogastric tube once 13-18 years: Single-dose: 25 to 100 g orally or by

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