page. 116-130

Question 1

Biologists consider it the most highly organized unit of any form of life.

Answer 1

the nervous system

Question 2

includes the brain and the spinal cord, which are both encased in bone for protection.

Answer 2

central nervous system

Question 3

pro­tected by the cranium, is the principal organ of the nerv­ous system

Answer 3

brain

Question 4

the brain communicates with most of the body through the….

A thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity

Answer 4

spinal cord

Question 5

The spinal cord and brain are covered by a triple layer
of protective tissues known as the

Answer 5

meninges

Question 6

the meninges

Answer 6

The meninges are composed of an outer layer called the dura mater [d‚rÆè m¡Ætèr], a middle layer called the arachnoid [è¶rÅkÆnoidæ] mater, and an inner layer called the pia [p£Æè] mater. The dura mater, which is one of the strongest tissues of the body, serves primarily as a flexible protective layer. The arachnoid mater is composed of thin fibers, like the fibers of a spider’s web, that form an intricate three ­dimensional network around the brain

Question 7

which support and insulate nerve tissue

Answer 7

glial cells

Question 8

the actual nerve cells

Answer 8

neurons

Question 9

is a short, branched extension of the cell that receives nerve impulses from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body

Answer 9

dendrite

Question 10

found within the brain and spinal
cord consists largely of the cell bodies of neurons and is gray because the cell bodies lack the white, specialized covering known as myelin

Answer 10

gray matter

Question 11

is com­posed of axons and glial cells that are white because of their myelin content.

Answer 11

white matter

Question 12

what are masses of cell bodies

Answer 12

ganglia

Question 13

a network of interconnected nerve fibers going to or from a region

Answer 13

plexus

Question 14

located at the back of the neck and shoulder, branches to form the median nerve and other arm nerves

Answer 14

Brachial plexus

Question 15

a group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord are known as

Answer 15

nerve center

Question 16

brain stem control your breathing

Answer 16

medulla oblongata

Question 17

Neurons that transmit information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, as well as those that transmit pain signals, are

Answer 17

sensory neurons

Question 18

Neurons that relay signals from the central nervous system to the other parts of the body are the

Answer 18

motor neurons

Question 19

found only in the central nervous system, relay signals between neurons or groups of neurons and are responsible for the processing of information by the brain, like the logic circuits of a computer

Answer 19

interneurons

Question 20

These tightly sealed capillary walls, that protect the central nervous system from being permanently damaged every time you get sick are called

Answer 20

blood-brain barrier

Question 21

Your brain contains its own white blood cells, which help protect the brain from infection

Answer 21

microglia

Question 22

When invading microorganisms enter the nerve tissue and infect the meninges, they can cause a disease called

Answer 22

meningitis

Question 23

serious disease
that attacks the spinal cord that is caused by a virus that enters the motor neutrons of the spinal cord

Answer 23

poliomyelitis or polio

Question 24

what consists of nerves, which are bundles of nerve fibers (axons) branching from the brain and spinal cord and connecting the central nervous system to the extremities of the body.

Answer 24

peripheral nervous system

Question 25

one of the longest nerves in the body, connects the leg extremities with the spinal cord in the lower back.

Answer 25

sciatic nerve

Question 26

the part of the brain that controls sense of smell

Answer 26

olfactory

Question 27

the part of the brain for sight

Answer 27

optic

Question 28

the part of the brain that controls most eye muscles

Answer 28

oculomotor

Question 29

the part of the brain the controls superior oblique muscle of eye

Answer 29

trochlear

Question 30

part of the brain that controls sensations of face; controls chewing muscles

Answer 30

trigeminal

Question 31

part of the brain that controls lateral rectus muscle of eye

Answer 31

abducens

Question 32

taste; sensations of tongue and palate; controls facial muscles and salivary glands

Answer 32

facial

Question 33

the part of the brain that controls the hearing; and sense of balances

Answer 33

vestibulocohlear

Question 34

part of the brain that controls sensations of internal organs; controls parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system

Answer 34

vagus

Question 35

part of the brain that controls the sensations of the neck; and controls neck muscels

Answer 35

accessory

Question 36

brain that controls throat muscles

Answer 36

hypoglossal

Question 37

Most nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers and thus are known as

Answer 37

mixed nerves

Question 38

what carry impulses from light, taste, sound, touch, and pain from other parts of the body to the spinal cord and brain for analysis.

Answer 38

sensory nerve fibers

Question 39

what carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to produce action in muscles and organs.

Answer 39

motor nerve fibers

Question 40

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and the other internal organs is the

Answer 40

autonomic nervous system

Question 41

what generally responds coccygeal nerve to your body’s needs during increased activity and in emer­gency situations by causing heartbeat and breathing rates to increase

Answer 41

sympathetic division

Question 42

what acts as a balance to counteract the actions of the sympathetic division.

Answer 42

parasympathetic division

Question 43

which controls the muscles of the forearm and the muscles and skin of the hand, is representative of how all peripheral nerves are designed. consists of bundles of nerve fibers surrounded by connective tissues

Answer 43

median nerve

Question 44

which produce layers of myelin sheathing that acts much like the insulation on an elec­trical wire.

Answer 44

schwann cells

Question 45

the inability of the muscles to move

Answer 45

paralysis

Question 46

When a neuron is triggered to fire, a brief pulse of positive charge sweeps through the neuron and races down the axon like the fuse of a fire­cracker

Answer 46

action potential

Question 47

enclosed junction between two neu­rons or a neuron and another cell.

Answer 47

synapse

Question 48

affects the patient’s control of posture and movement; it is characterized by tremors (shaking) and stiffness of the limbs

Answer 48

parkinson's disease

Question 49

The simplest act of the nervous system is a

Answer 49

reflex

Question 50

which is the largest, most important part of the nervous system, has three main parts

Answer 50

brain

Question 51

the largest part of the brain and is the physical organ that helps you in the areas of consciousness, memory, voluntary actions, thinking, and intelligence

Answer 51

cerebrum

Question 52

These halves are split by the longitudinal fissure

Answer 52

hemispheres

Question 53

The two hemispheres communicate with each other through a mass of nerve fibers called the

Answer 53

corpus callosum

Question 54

the outer layer of the cerebrum

Answer 54

cerebral cortex

Question 55

the convolutions of each of the cerebral hemispheres are devided by grooves into various regions are called

Answer 55

lobes

Question 56

The forward portion of the frontal lobes is associated with personality, judgment, and self ­control. The rear por­tion of the frontal lobes is called the -------- because it controls voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles

Answer 56

motor area

Question 57

The sense of vision is interpreted by the

Answer 57

occipital lobes