Pain

Question 1

What is pain?

Answer 1

Intense or damaged stimuli (or the threat of damaged stimuli)

Question 2

What are some possible etiologies?

Answer 2

• Inflammation
• Infection
• Chemicals
• Muscle Spasm
• Burns
• Ischemia and Tissue Necrosis
• Stretching of Tissue
• Stretching of Tendons

Question 3

Considerations of Diagnosis?

Answer 3

1) Location of pain
2) Descriptive terms: such as aching, burning, sharp, throbbing, etc
3) Timing of pain: association with activity
4) Physical evidence of pain

Question 4

Physical evidence of pain

Answer 4

High blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, fainting and dizziness, anxiety and fear frequent in people with chest pain or trauma & other, PALLOR, DIAPHORESIS, TACHYCARDIA

Question 5

What is pallor?

Answer 5

Paleness

Question 6

What is Diaphoresis

Answer 6

cold-sweats

Question 7

What is tachycardia?

Answer 7

resting heart rate above 100 bpm

Question 8

What is referred pain?

Answer 8

Pain that is perceived at a site distance from the actual source

Question 9

When pain is generalized the actual source may be…

Answer 9

Difficult to determine

Question 10

How does referred pain happpen?

Answer 10

When multiple sensory fibers connect at a single level of the spinal cord so the brain has trouble differentiating the location of origin of the pain

Question 11

What is an example of referred pain?

Answer 11

Appendicitis

Question 12

What are the two types of pain?

Answer 12

Neuropathic and Nocieceptive

Question 13

Simple definition of Neuropathic?

Answer 13

Nerve-related

Question 14

Simple definition of Nociceptive

Answer 14

Tissue-related

Question 15

Real definition of Neuropathic?

Answer 15

Caused by damage to central or peripheral nervous

Question 16

How is neuropathic pain often described?

Answer 16

burning, tingling, shooting pain, heavy sensation, numbness, etc.

Question 17

How is neuropathic pain characterized?

Answer 17

Allodynia and Hyperalgesia

Question 18

Real definition of Nociceptive?

Answer 18

Caused by damage to body tissue

Question 19

Description of nociceptive pain?

Answer 19

sharp, aching, throbbing, etc.

Question 20

What exactly are nociceptors?

Answer 20

Sensory neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending “possible threat” signals to the brain

Question 21

What stimulates nociceptors?

Answer 21

Temperature, chemicals and physical means

Question 22

What are the two types of neurons?

Answer 22

Afferent and Efferent

Question 23

Afferent Neurons

Answer 23

Sensory neurons that bring incoming information from the body to the CNS

(incoming information to the brain)

Question 24

Efferent neurons

Answer 24

Motor neurons carrying outgoing information form the CNS to the body

Question 25

What are the types of pain fibers?

Answer 25

Myelinated A delta fibers and Unmyelinated C fibers

Question 26

Do myelinated A delta fibers transmit rapidly or slowly?

Answer 26

Rapidly

Question 27

What kind of pain are myelinated A delta fibers?

Answer 27

Acute pain

Question 28

What are descriptions of acute pain?

Answer 28

localized, sudden, sharp

Question 29

What kind of pain is myelinated A delta fibers related to?

Answer 29

Thermal and physical stimuli from skin and membrances

Question 30

What may be caused by the myelinated A delta fibers?

Answer 30

Reflex response

Question 31

What's an example of a reflex response

Answer 31

Involuntary muscle contraction

Question 32

What does a muscle contraciton do?

Answer 32

Moves away from pain source and guards against movement

Question 33

Do unmyelinated C fibers transmit rapidly or slowly?

Answer 33

Slowly

Question 34

Unmyelinated c fibers are associated with what kind of pain?

Answer 34

Chronic

Question 35

What symptoms are there of chronic pain?

Answer 35

diffused, dull, burning, aching

Question 36

What kind of pain does unmyelinated C fibers related to?

Answer 36

Thermal, chemical & physical stimuli from muscle, tendons, myocardium & digestive tract (&some skin)

Question 37

Gate Control Theory

Answer 37

suggests how pain can be reduced by activating non-painful stimuli (basis of pain reduction)

Question 38

Pain threshold

Answer 38

Point at which pain stimuli is perceived (check) (moment when you realize your in pain)

Question 39

Pain Tolerance

Answer 39

duration or intensity of pain a person will endure before outwardly responding (how well do you handle pain)

Question 40

Pain perception

Answer 40

Subjective & depends on the condition of an individual

Question 41

Subjective scales?

Answer 41

Developed to compare pain levels over time

Question 42

What is pain perception shaped by?

Answer 42

Age, culture, family, tradition & prior experience w/ pain

Question 43

Responses to pain are influenced by..

Answer 43

personality, emotions, and cultural norms

Question 44

Conditions that center around pain

Answer 44

CRPS, CIP, Phantom Pain

Question 45

Conditions with pain as a result?

Answer 45

Burns

Question 46

CRPS stands for what?

Answer 46

Chronic Regional Pain syndrome

Question 47

CIP stands for...

Answer 47

Cogenital Insensitivity to Pain

Question 48

What is CRPS?

Answer 48

Chronic condition that causes long lasting pain that is unproportional to the severity of the initial injury

Question 49

How does CRPS work?

Answer 49

Pain signals are continuously returned to the brain

Question 50

What is CIP?

Answer 50

Genetic condition that causes someone to not feel pain

Question 51

How does CIP work?

Answer 51

Nociceptors do not transmit pain signals(May be underdeveloped or membrane channels don't work)

Question 52

Phantom Pain

Answer 52

Pain that feels like it is coming from a body part that is no longer there

Question 53

How does Phantom Pain work?

Answer 53

More common when patients experience pain prior to amputation