Pain Flashcards
(15 cards)
Briefly describe the key ideas underlying Melzack and Wall’s theory of pain.
- The gate control theory proposed that the brain plays an active role in pain perception.
- In this theory, the pain experience involves three primary elements:
1. sensory;
2. evaluative (i.e. thoughts);
3. affective/motivational. - Each of these elements influence the processing of pain signals and their interaction determines how pain is perceived.
The application of operant conditioning principles for chronic pain management is most closely related to which form of therapy?
Behavioural therapy
What treatment approach theorises that changing the content of thoughts is not as important as improving psychological flexibility, and increasing value-driven behaviour?
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Name three cognitive, emotional or behavioural factors that might serve a protective or adaptive coping function in chronic pain.
Self-efficacy, mindfulness, acceptance, resiliency, humour etc.
In which treatment would you be most likely to routinely see yoga delivered as part of the program?
Mindfulness-based stress reduction
A loss of regional grey matter volume in the brain in the context of chronic pain has been shown to:
possibly be reversible when pain is relieved
A needed further research direction is to determine whom each type of evidence-based, efficacious treatment approach for chronic pain is most likely to benefit. This involves examination of treatment ________________
moderators
Fear-avoidance beliefs have been shown to predict disability and worse pain outcomes. What form of primary pain appraisal is theorised to be the most likely to lead to pain-related fear-avoidance beliefs?
Threat appraisals
Describe the theory underlying cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic pain.
- The cognitive aspect of CBT is designed to target changing unhelpful, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs to make them more positive, realistic and/or adaptive.
- The integration of behavioural aspects is designed to concurrently target reducing pain behaviours, increasing well behaviours, and reducing stress.
Pain perception involves what four elements?
1.Transduction
2.transmission 3.modulation
4.perception
Lazarus and Folkman (1984) proposed the transactional model of stress and in this model identified three forms of primary appraisals or ways that pain can be judged. Name and briefly define each of those three forms of primary appraisal.
Threat appraisals, which represent the belief that pain is a danger that outweighs one’s ability to cope Loss/harm appraisals, where pain is viewed as representing damage and/or a loss of some form Challenge appraisals, where one perceives that he/she has the resources to cope
Many individuals experience anger in the context of chronic pain. What does the research by Okifuji and colleagues (1999) suggest in terms of the most common target for client’s anger: who is it most often directed towards?
Themselves
Melzack and Wall proposed a revolutionary theory in pain that recognised the interconnected role of neurophysiological pathways, thoughts and emotions in pain. This theory is known as:
- the gate control theory
- the neuromatrix model of pain
Name three of the six possible mediators of chronic pain treatments proposed in the model by Jensen (2011) that was later updated by Day and colleagues (2014).
The correct answer is: 1.environment/social variables;
2. brain states;
3. cognitive content;
4. cognitive coping/process;
5. behaviour; and
6. emotion/affect.
_________________is defined as an exaggerated negative mental set about actual or anticipated pain, and has been shown to be a robust predictor of pain intensity, disability, and mood outcomes such as anxiety.
Pain catastrophising
