Paleozoic Era

Question 1

six paleozoic continents

Answer 1

1. gondwana
2. laurentia
3. baltica
4. siberia
5. kazakhstania
6. china

Question 2

subduction of the iapetus plate beneath laurentia

Answer 2

taconic orogeny

Question 3

formed by avalonia colliding with laurentia

Answer 3

laurasia

Question 4

closing of the iapetus ocean

Answer 4

caledonian orogeny

Question 5

mountain building on the eastern margin of laurasia

Answer 5

acadian orogeny

Question 6

collision of laurentia and baltica

Answer 6

cordilleran antler orogeny

Question 7

mountain building on the northern margin of laurentia

Answer 7

ellesmere orogeny

Question 8

final phase of collision between gondwana and laurasia

Answer 8

ouachita-hergynian-alleghenian orogeny

Question 9

when did pangaea form

Answer 9

permian

Question 10

explosion of shelly fauna

Answer 10

cambrian

Question 11

first appearance of shelly fauna

Answer 11

proterozoic

Question 12

4 benefits of a shell

Answer 12

1. UV protection
2. prevents drying
3. supporting skeleton
4. predator protection

Question 13

organisms that live in the water column

Answer 13

pelagic

Question 14

organisms that live on the sea floor

Answer 14

benthic

Question 15

also known as floaters

Answer 15

plankton

Question 16

also known as swimmers

Answer 16

nekton

Question 17

plant plankton

Answer 17

phytoplankton

Question 18

animal plankton

Answer 18

zooplankton

Question 19

animal benthos

Answer 19

epifauna

Question 20

plant benthos

Answer 20

epiflora

Question 21

benthos that stay in one place

Answer 21

sessile

Question 22

benthos that move around

Answer 22

mobile

Question 23

4 feeding groups

Answer 23

1. suspension feeding
2. herbivores
3. carnivore-scavengers
4. sediment deposit

Question 24

cambrian is also known as

Answer 24

age of invertibrates

Question 25

first appeared in the cambrian

Answer 25

trilobites, brachiopods, arcaheocyathids

Question 26

trilobites were most diverse during

Answer 26

late cambrian

Question 27

first appeared in the ordovician

Answer 27

nautiloids, land fungi, non vascular plants, eureptyrids

Question 28

major phytoplankton group of the ordovician

Answer 28

acritarchs

Question 29

represented in small, tooth like fossils composed of the mineral apatite

Answer 29

conodont

Question 30

first known major extinction, with 85%

Answer 30

ordovician-silurian mass extinction

Question 31

caused the ordovician-silurian mass extinctions

Answer 31

gondwana moving southward

Question 32

first appeared during the silurian

Answer 32

acanthodians, cooksonia, freshwater fish, coral reefs

Question 33

first appeared during the devonian

Answer 33

wingless insects, ammonites, amphibians, sharks

Question 34

who discovered the late devonian trackway

Answer 34

Iwan Stossel

Question 35

1990s evolutionary transition from water to land

Answer 35

eusthenopteron to ichthyostega

Question 36

an animal that has a notochord

Answer 36

chordates

Question 37

most primitive vertebrates

Answer 37

fish

Question 38

first appearance of fish

Answer 38

silurian

Question 39

fish diversified

Answer 39

devonian

Question 40

first bony fish that evolved during the late cambrian

Answer 40

ostracoderm

Question 41

first jawed fish, lower silurian

Answer 41

acanthodii

Question 42

"plate skinned", jawed fish

Answer 42

placodermii

Question 43

age of fish

Answer 43

devonian

Question 44

cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, skates)

Answer 44

chondrichthyes

Question 45

bony fish

Answer 45

osteichthyes

Question 46

2 types of osteichthyes

Answer 46

ray-finned (actinopterygii), lobe finned (sarcopterygii)

Question 47

3 lobe finned fish

Answer 47

coelacanths, lungfish, crossopterygians

Question 48

ancestral crossopterygians

Answer 48

rhipidistians

Question 49

intermediary between lobe finned and acanthostega

Answer 49

tiktaalik

Question 50

oldest known reptile

Answer 50

westlothiana

Question 51

Earliest reptiles

Answer 51

protothyrid

Question 52

evolved from the protothyrid during pennsylvanian

Answer 52

pelycosaur

Question 53

succeeded the pelycosaurs

Answer 53

therapsids, thecodontians

Question 54

first plant appearance

Answer 54

ordovician

Question 55

plant diversification

Answer 55

devonian

Question 56

earliest vascular land plants

Answer 56

cooksonia

Question 57

5th largest mass extinction, 80%

Answer 57

frasnian-famennian mass extinction

Question 58

age of plants

Answer 58

carboniferous

Question 59

first appeared during the carboniferous

Answer 59

lycopsids, conifers, cycads, forests

Question 60

largest mass extinction, 95% marine, 70% terrestrial

Answer 60

permian-triassic mass extinction