PAMs

Question 1

Conduction Heat Transfer

Answer 1

hot packs and paraffin
direct contact of PAMs
heats superficial structures

Question 2

Convection Heat Transfer

Answer 2

fluidotherapy or whirlpool
circulation of air or liquid

Question 3

Conversion Heat Transfer

Answer 3

ultrasound
mechanical energy changes to heat
heats deeper structures

Question 4

benefits of heat therapy

Answer 4

relieves pain
increases ROM
assist with tissue healing
decrease muscle spasms

Question 5

how many layers should be between hot pack and skin

Answer 5

four

Question 6

Benefits of cryrotherapy

Answer 6

relieves pain
controls edema
decreases tone
facilitates tone

Question 7

Benefits of E-stim

Answer 7

controls pain
decreases swelling
stimulates and strengthens muscles
muscle re-education
stimulated denervated muscle

Question 8

Contraindications for E-stim

Answer 8

pacemaker, pregnancy, cancer, TB, active hemorrhage, thrombosis

Question 9

Types of ultrasound

Answer 9

continuous= thermal effects
pulsed= nonthermal effects

Question 10

benefits of continuous ultrasound

Answer 10

increases tissue extensibility
decreased pain
increased blood flow
reduced muscle spasm
reaches deeper tissues

Question 11

Benefits of pulsed ultrasound

Answer 11

decreases inflammation
heals tissues