pancreas Flashcards by Randy Castillo Magraner

Q

what is the endocrine component of the pancreas?

A

islets of langherhans

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Q

how many cell types does the islet of langherhans have? what are they?

A

5

Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
G cells

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Q

what do alpha cells produce?

A

glucagon

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Q

what do beta cells produce?

A

insulin

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Q

what do delta cells produce?

A

somatostatin

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Q

what do G cells produce?

A

gastrin

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Q

what is the exocrine pancreas composed of?

A

acini

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Q

what do acini have in their lumen?

A

centroacinar cells

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Q

what do acini produce?

A

digestive enzymes

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Q

what causes the pancreas to release enzymes?

A

cholecystokinin

acetylcholine

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Q

what are the pancreatic enzymes?

A

pancreatic amylase

pancreatic lipase

ribonuclease

deoxyribunuclease

elastase

proenzymes: chemotrypsinogen and trypsinogen

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Q

who produces bicarbonate?

A

centroacinar and striated ductal cells

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Q

what does bicarbonate do?

A

neutralize stomach acids

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Q

who regulates bicarbonate buffer?

A

secretin

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Q

where does the endocrine pancreas empty into?

A

in to the bloodstream

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Q

where does the exocrine pancreas empty into?

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A

into intestines

Q

what is the pink big circle?

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A

islet of langherhans

Q

what is this?

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A

pancreas

Q

what is circled here?

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A

acini

Q

what does insulin promote?

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A

uptake of glucose and storage of it as glycogen

Q

what is a tell-tale sign of diabetes?

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A

glucose in the urine

Q

what is type 1 diabetes?

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A

you have too little insulin

Q

what is type 2 diabetes?

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A

inactive insulin receptors

Q

what is type 3 Diabetes?

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A

lack of insulin receptors in the brain

what does glucagon do?

it increases levels of blood glucose through gluconeogenesis

what does somatostatin do?

it inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion

what does gastrin do?

promote stomach motility and secretion

what is pancreatitis?

pancreas digests itself

what causes acute pancreatitis?

gallstones

what causes chronic pancreatitis?

alchohol

what will you see in the plasma?

increased levels of amylase and lipase

does pancreatic cancer have a good prognosis?

no; 1 year

what is the most common type of pancreatic cancer?

adenocarcinoma

what is happening here?

adenocarcinoma of pancreas