Pancreas anatomy

Question 1

The pancreas is a ____ organ and its located posterior to the ____ sac

Answer 1

retroperitoneal
lesser

Question 2

The pancreas is non-______ and extends horizontally between the c-loop of the ____ and the ____ hilum

Answer 2

nonENCAPSULATED
duodenum
splenic

Question 3

the pancreas is in the _____ region ( solar plexus) and left _____ region

Answer 3

epigastric
hypochondrium

Question 4

The pancreas is ___ than ____

Answer 4

wider
tall

Question 5

the pancreas is about ___-____ cm in the adult

Answer 5

10-15

Question 6

the pancreas can be described as a tadpole, ____ , sausage , _____ or boomerang shape

Answer 6

dumbell
comma

Question 7

the pancreas has four segments the
___ , ____ ,_____ and _____

Answer 7

head
neck
body
tail

Question 8

the pancreas is a _____ organ within the _____ para renal space

Answer 8

retroperitoneal
anterior

Question 9

____ cells secrete digestive enzymes

Answer 9

Acini

Question 10

with acini cells the digestive enzymes secretion is carried out by a smaller ducts merge into increasingly larger duct and empty into main ____ ____

Answer 10

pancreatic duct

Question 11

pancreatic duct is AKA ____ of _____

Answer 11

duct of wirsung

Question 12

duct of wirsung, extending the entire length of glands, enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the ___ ___ ___ at the ampulla of Vader ( guarded by the sphincter of oddi), diameter should be no more than _mm

Answer 12

common bile duct
2mm

Question 13

the accessory duct is also called duct of ____

Answer 13

duct of SANTORINI

Question 14

the accessory duct ( duct of Santorini) branches from the main___ ___ and perforates into the duodenum separately from ampulla

Answer 14

pancreatic duct

Question 15

islets of ____-____ cells are cluster that contain various types of cells that release hormones directly into the bloodstream and lymph system

Answer 15

islets of LANGERHANS-ENDOCRINE

Question 16

islets of langerhans-endocrine cells allows hormones to be ___ throughout the body to ___ other organs or functional tissues

Answer 16

distributed
stimulate

Question 17

the ___ of the pancreas is located medial to the C-loop of duodenum, anterior to the IVC and inferior to the caudate liver lobe

Answer 17

head

Question 18

the ____ of the pancreas is directly anterior to SMV or portal-splenic confluence

Answer 18

neck

Question 19

the ____ of the pancreas is located posterior to portions of the stomach, duodenum, and left liver lobe. Anterior to aorta , SMA,left renal vein and splenic vein. its the largest part of pancreas in length

Answer 19

body

Question 20

the ____ of the pancreas begins at left lateral boarder of vertebral body and extends to area of splenic hilum. its anterior and medial to left kidney, posterior to stomach and medial to spleen

Answer 20

tail

Question 21

the pancreas HEAD is ___cm or less AP

Answer 21

3.5cm

Question 22

the pancreas NECK is __-__ cm or less AP

Answer 22

1.0- 2.0cm

Question 23

the pancreas BODY is ____cm or less AP

Answer 23

2.5cm

Question 24

the pancreas tail is ____cm or less

Answer 24

2.5cm

Question 25

the ___ ____ ____ extends from tail through head joins with CBD at ampulla of later

Answer 25

main pancreatic duct or duct of wirsung

Question 26

the mean diameter for duct or wirsung ( pancreatic duct) is __mm head and __mm body

Answer 26

3mm 2mm

Question 27

the duct of Santorini ( accessory pancreatic duct) is located in the ____ of the pancreas

Answer 27

head

Question 28

the _____ artery anterior and inferior arteries supply the head and part of the duodenum

Answer 28

pancreaticduodenal

Question 29

the ____ artery supplies body and tail through 4 smaller branches

Answer 29

splenic

Question 30

the pancreas is supplied by blood from the ____ ___ and the ____

Answer 30

celiac trunk SMA

Question 31

the functions of the pancreas are ____ and ____

Answer 31

exocrine endocrine

Question 32

_____ secretes enzymes into a duct

Answer 32

exocrine

Question 33

acinar cells secrete ____ enzymes

Answer 33

digestive

Question 34

lipase breaks down ____

Answer 34

Fats

Question 35

trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen - preproteolyic enzymes that break down ___ to ___ ___

Answer 35

proteins amino acids

Question 36

amylase breaks down complex _____

Answer 36

carbohydrates

Question 37

pancreas can secrete up to ____mL of pancreatic fluid per day

Answer 37

1500

Question 38

another composed of pancreatic enzymes is an alkaline substance _____. neutralizes acidic gastric enzymes and triggers action of otherwise insert pancreatic enzymes in duodenum

Answer 38

bicarbonate

Question 39

_____ hormones secreted into blood or tissues

Answer 39

endocrine

Question 40

endocrine occurs in the __ cells from the ___ of _____ secrete hormones

Answer 40

islet islets of langerhans

Question 41

alpha cells secrete ____

Answer 41

glucagon

Question 42

beta cells secrete ____

Answer 42

insulin

Question 43

delta cells secrete _____

Answer 43

somatostatin

Question 44

if sufficient insulin is produces ____ mellitus is the result

Answer 44

diabetes

Question 45

_____ 2x normal level indicates acute pancreatitis

Answer 45

amylase

Question 46

elevated ____ may indicate acute pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma

Answer 46

lipase

Question 47

total ___ ____ values are increase when pancreatic head obstructing the CBD

Answer 47

serum bilirubin

Question 48

elevated ___ and ____ is commonly seen with pancreatic head carcinoma and pancreatitis

Answer 48

bilirubin liver function test (LFT's)

Question 49

elevated or decreased _____ may indicate glucose metabolic disorder

Answer 49

glucose

Question 50

___ ___ is hereditary and is increased secretion of mucous by exocrine glands. secretions block ducts and delivers of digestive enzymes to intestines

Answer 50

cystic fibrosis

Question 51

____ ____ results from failure of fusion of dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds during embryologic development.

Answer 51

pancreas divisum

Question 52

the most common congenital anomaly is ____ ____ , occurring in approximately 5-10% of population

Answer 52

pancreas divisum

Question 53

____ ____ is a congenital anomaly where the head and uncinate process wrap around the duodenum. it can cause an obstruction and has been associated with complete or partial atresia of the duodenum

Answer 53

annular pancreas

Question 54

annular pancreas is more common in ____

Answer 54

men

Question 55

____ ____ ___ is when pancreatic tissue grows in other organs, it usually occurs in walls of stomach, duodenum, large or small intestine. it is a congenital anomaly

Answer 55

ectopic pancreatic tissue

Question 56

____ ___ are caused by ductal obstruction and are normally seen in patients with a adult polycystic kidney disease

Answer 56

pancreatic cysts

Question 57

some common indications for a pancreas exam are - ____ pain - _____ pain - _____ distention -______

Answer 57

epigastric pain abdominal pain abdominal distention jaundice

Question 58

a normal pancreas on ultrasound is homo_____, mid to medium grey echoes, equal or more ____ than the liver, ____ contours

Answer 58

homoGENEOUS echogenic smooth

Question 59

the pancreas becomes more ____ with age so its_____ in children and ____ in the elderly

Answer 59

echogenic hypo echoic hyper echoic

Question 60

the ___ is seen in the posterior grove of the head as round anechoic

Answer 60

CBD

Question 61

the echogenecity if the pancreas also depends on the patients body ___

Answer 61

habitus

Question 61

the ___ is seen in the anterior grove of the head as round anechoic

Answer 61

GDA

Question 62

when scanning the pancreas you can use the ___ lobe of liver as acoustic window or have the patient drink 32ml to 300 ml of water through a straw and you can use the fluid filled __ as acoustic window

Answer 62

left stomach

Question 63

the diagnostic tests used for the pancreas are __, ____ and ____

Answer 63

CT MRI ERCP