Spleen anatomy and pathology

Question 1

the spleen has a ____ surface and is smooth and convex

Answer 1

diaphragmatic

Question 2

the spleen ____ surface conforms to positions of stomach , left kidney and left flexure of colon

Answer 2

visceral

Question 3

the spleens shape is comparable to a __ ___

Answer 3

half moon

Question 4

the spleen _____, covered entirely of ____ except for a small area at the hilum where vascular structures and lymph nodes are located

Answer 4

intraperitoneal
peritoneum

Question 5

the spleen is usually ____ than the kidney

Answer 5

longer

Question 6

an enlarged spleen or splenomegaly is ___ cm

Answer 6

13cm

Question 7

splenomegaly is diagnosed when the spleen measures more that ___cm in the adult patient to more than the normal length in a child

Answer 7

13cm

Question 8

phrenicosplenic, splenocolic, pancreaticosplenic,phrenicocolic and pancreaticocolic ligamnets are other ligaments that help support the ___

Answer 8

spleen

Question 9

the splenic hilum is located ____

Answer 9

medially

Question 10

the splenic artery, vein, lymphatics and nerves enter and exit at the ___ ___

Answer 10

splenic hilum

Question 11

the splenic vein exits hilum and runs _____ to tail and body of pancreas

Answer 11

posterior

Question 12

the splenic artery branches from the celiac axis and courses ____ to body and tail of pancreas to enter hilum

Answer 12

superior

Question 13

intrasplenic arterial branches do not ____ nor ____ to create ____ flow

Answer 13

anastomose
communicate
collateral

Question 14

the spleen is a ___ organ with ___ properties that allow it to distend as blood fills the ____ sinuses

Answer 14

soft
elastic
venous

Question 15

these characteristics are related to the spleens function as a blood ____

Answer 15

reservoir

Question 16

within the lobules of the spleen are tissues called ____

Answer 16

pulp

Question 17

there are 2 types of tissue in the spleen ___ pulp and ___ pulp

Answer 17

red
white

Question 18

the spleen has a ___ function which removes olfactory abdnormal RBC such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia

Answer 18

culling

Question 19

the spleen has a ___ function which removes RBC that contain granule or a parasite ( malaria ) without being destroyed

Answer 19

pitting

Question 20

the spleen has a _____ function process which is RBC formation , it starts at fifth or sixth months of fetal life until bone marrow assumes the primary function, regain when bone marrow lost

Answer 20

erythropoiesis

Question 21

the spleen is a lymphoid organ that produces ___ and ___ cells needed to form antibodies

Answer 21

lymphocytes
plasma

Question 22

____ is INCREASE in WBC ; infection

Answer 22

leukocytosis

Question 23

_____ is DECREASE in WBC; medications/boen marrow disease

Answer 23

leukopenia

Question 24

____ is percentage of RBC; hemorrhage

Answer 24

hematocrit

Question 25

_____ is decrease blood cells platelet: hemorrhage

Answer 25

thrombocytopenia

Question 26

_____ is an increase in blood cells platelet; inflammation, neoplasm

Answer 26

thrombocytosis

Question 27

the spleen ____ blood

Answer 27

filters

Question 28

the spleen plays a pear in ___ function

Answer 28

immune

Question 29

____ is an abnormal decrease in platelets may be result of internal hemorrhage

Answer 29

thrombocytopenia

Question 30

____ is an abnormal increase in red blood cell mass

Answer 30

polycythemia

Question 31

_____ is the increase in the number of white cells present in the blood is usually a typical finding in infection

Answer 31

leukocytosis

Question 32

____ is an abdnomal decrease In white blood corpuscles may be secondary to certain medications or bone marrow disorder

Answer 32

leukopenia

Question 33

an ___ ___ is the most common variant

Answer 33

accessory spleen

Question 34

the common location for an accessory spleen is the hilum/____ ligament

Answer 34

gastrosplenic

Question 35

____ ___ is also known as splenuculus

Answer 35

accessory spleen

Question 36

monographically a splenic spleen is ____, ____ compared to normal splenic tissue

Answer 36

homogenous isoechoic

Question 37

ectopic spleen is also called ___ spleen , ___ spleen or ____ spleen

Answer 37

wandering aberrant floating

Question 38

a normal spleen on ultrasound has a uniform ____ echo texture, ___ level echoes. ____ or slightly ___ to the liver

Answer 38

homogeneous medium isoechoic hyper echoic

Question 39

a normal spleen on ultrasound has ___ contour,

Answer 39

smooth

Question 40

when the spleen is involved in systemic disease , splenic ___ or _____ usually develops

Answer 40

enlargement splenomegaly

Question 41

with splenomegaly patients usually present with LUQ ___ and or ___

Answer 41

fullness pain

Question 42

the causes of splenomegaly are - ____ ____ secondary to ____ ____ - _____ splenomegaly - splenic _____ - _____ - blood ______ - _____ hematopoiesis

Answer 42

portal hypertension second to alcoholic cirrhosis congestive splenomegaly splenic infections neoplastic blood disorders extra medullary

Question 43

congestion of the spleen is an ___ congestion

Answer 43

acute

Question 44

congestion of the spleen is a chronic ____ congestion

Answer 44

chronic

Question 45

congestion of the spleen is a ___ enlargement of the spleen

Answer 45

diffuse

Question 46

splenic _____ demonstrates multiple hypo echoic lesion with central echogenic ring ( wheel in wheel sign ) also knows and target pattern sign

Answer 46

candidiasis

Question 47

focal disease may be ___ or ___

Answer 47

single multiple

Question 48

focal disease may be found in a ___ or ___ spleen

Answer 48

normal enlarged

Question 49

major non dramatic causes of focal splenic defects are ____, abscess, ___ and tumor

Answer 49

infarct cyst

Question 50

____ infarct has LUQ pain

Answer 50

ACUTE

Question 51

in ___ infarct phase appears as a hypo echoic , wedge shaped oriented towards periphery lesion

Answer 51

ACUTE

Question 52

____ infarct is asymptomatic

Answer 52

CHRONIC

Question 53

with chronic infarct lesions become more ____ with age of infarct

Answer 53

echogenic

Question 54

a splenic abscess is not ____

Answer 54

common

Question 55

splenic abscess is caused by ____

Answer 55

sepsis

Question 56

splenic abscess has a ___ mortality rate

Answer 56

high

Question 57

patients with splenic ____ may have a high grade fever, leukocytosis, LUQ pain and tenderness, vomiting referred pain to chest or shoulder

Answer 57

abscess

Question 58

a splenic cyst may be ___ or ____

Answer 58

congenital acquired

Question 59

a splenic abscess on ultrasound has - ____ shaggy boarders -solid - cyst - complex - ____ shadowing

Answer 59

irregular dirty

Question 60

___ _____ Is direct trauma to LUQ

Answer 60

splenic trauma

Question 61

splenic trauma causes are - ____ accidents - ____ related injury - ____ and ___ wounds - ____ abuse

Answer 61

automobile sports gunshot or stab physical

Question 62

with splenic trauma bleeding can occur within ___ or though ____

Answer 62

spleen capsule

Question 63

with splenic trauma is the capsule is ___ the outcome may be intraperenchymal or sub capsular hematoma. if the capsule ____ a focal or free intrapersonal hematoma may form

Answer 63

intact ruptures

Question 64

in ___ ruptures a sub capsular hematoma may develop with subsequent rupture

Answer 64

delay

Question 65

a ___ ____ is usually isolated, inhomogeneous,echogenic mass with multiple small hypo echoic areas

Answer 65

cavernous lymphangioma

Question 66

with ___ ____ patients become symptomatic when the size of the spleen increases and compresses other organs

Answer 66

cavernous lymphangioma

Question 67

with an ____ splenic trauma on US it appears sub capsular or intraparenchymal hematoma that is hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyper echoic or complex as related to age

Answer 67

intracapsular

Question 68

splenic trauma with ___ of ____ on US blood in intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity, parabolic gutters, Morrison's pouch, posterior cul de sac

Answer 68

rupture capsule

Question 69

with a cavernous hemangioma on ultrasound the appearance is ____ from well defines echogenic appearance to a ___ mixed pattern

Answer 69

variable complex

Question 70

leukemia is a primary malignancy of the - _____ marrow - lymph _____ - _____

Answer 70

BONE marrow lymph NODES SPLEEN

Question 71

patients with splenic leukemia patients present with severe , fatigue weigh loss, anemia and _____ WBC

Answer 71

INCREASED

Question 72

splenic leukemia on US appears as spleen ____ heterogenous

Answer 72

enlarged

Question 73

patients with splenic lymphoma lab tests are anemia and _____ WBC count

Answer 73

ELEVATED

Question 74

patients with splenic lymphoma present with fever fatigue, weight loss and ____ lymph nodes

Answer 74

enlarged

Question 75

splenic lymphoma on ultrasound appears as an ___ spleen with isoechoic hypo echoic mass, ____ migrated or several ____ like nodules resulting in heterogeneous appearance

Answer 75

enlarged tumor

Question 76

metastases is common from ___

Answer 76

melanoma

Question 77

metastases is also possible from primary in ____ , ____ , ____ and ____

Answer 77

lung breast colon ovary

Question 78

the retroperitoneum is space ___ to peritoneum cavity

Answer 78

posterior

Question 79

the retroperitoneum is located ___ parietal peritoneum

Answer 79

behind

Question 80

the retroperitoneum extends form diaphragm ____ to pelvic brim ____

Answer 80

superiorly inferiorly

Question 81

the retroperitoneum is divided into ___ major compartments by renal gerotas fascia

Answer 81

THREE

Question 82

retroperiotnal fibrosis disease affect middle aged ___ twice as often as ___

Answer 82

males females

Question 83

for retroperitoneal fibrosis ___ is imaging modality of choice for initial diagnosis s

Answer 83

CT

Question 84

for retroperitoneal fibrosis ____ is frequently used to follow diseases process

Answer 84

sonography

Question 85

retroperitoneal fibrosis monographically appears as a hypo echoic smoothly marginated clump or layer in __-____ region

Answer 85

para aortic

Question 86

with retroperioneal fibrosis sonographers should evaluate ____ for possible hydrenophrosis

Answer 86

kidneys

Question 87

_____ pararenal space is most common of retroperitoneal infections and fluid collections

Answer 87

ANTERIOR

Question 88

lymphocele, urinoma,lymphangiomas, primary retroperitoneal cysts and retroperitoneal hemorrhage are retroperitoneal ___ ____

Answer 88

fluid collection

Question 89

sonographically lymph nodes are less than __ cm normally cannot be seen

Answer 89

1cm

Question 90

___ ____ occasionally or when are enlarged have normal oviod-shaped hypo echoic cortex and echogenic central fatty hilum

Answer 90

lymph nodes

Question 91

splenomegaly is associated with splenic ____ diseases

Answer 91

splenic