Pancreas and Gall Bladder

Question 1

Gall Bladder shape and function

Answer 1

• resorb water from bile (water and Na+ pumped)
• pear shape, blind-ended sac
• common bile duct + pancreatic duct into duodenum

Question 2

Gall Bladder epithelium

Answer 2

• simple columnar epithelium (no goblet cells)
• no muscularis mucosa or submucosa
• folded mucosa + LP + muscularis externa + SM coat

Question 3

Pancreas cells types

Answer 3

acinar cells - digestive enzymes (BASOPHILLIC)
duct cells - bicarbonate-rich fluid (neutralize pH)
compound acinar gland

Question 4

Exocrine vs Endocrine Pancreas

Answer 4

Exocrine = serous secretory acini (zymogen granules)
- intercalated ducts
- centroacinar cell
Endocrine = pancreatic islet (glucagon + insulin)

Question 5

What does the zymogen granules contain?

Answer 5

trypsinogen (cleaved = active) – reduce proteins to aa
amylase – starch and glycogen to maltose
lipase – fats to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 6

How do enterocytes in duodenum activate pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 6

• enterokinase activates trysinogen –> trypsin
• trypsin activates other proenzymes to make carboxypeptidase and chymotrypsin

Question 7

What is the role of enteroendocrine cells?

Answer 7

release secretin = intercalated ducts = more bicarbonate
release cholecystokinin = acini release zymogen granules and gall bladder release bile

Question 8

Differences between Parotid, Sublingual, Eccrine Sweat Glands?

Answer 8

Parotid = serous acini (dark cytoplasm, round nuclei), striated ducts (light cytoplasm, central nuclei)

Sublingual = mucous acini (light cytoplasm, flat nuclei)

Eccrine = secretory (light cytoplasm, pseudostratified), duct (dark cytoplasm, stratified cuboidal)

Question 9

Difference between Parotid Gland and Exocrine Pancreas?

Answer 9

Parotid = serous acini (dark cytoplasm, round nuclei), striated ducts (light cytoplasm, central nuclei)

Pancreas = serous acini (dark cytoplasm, round nuclei, centroacinar cells, few striated ducts)

Question 10

Difference between Colon, Stomach, Esophagus?

Answer 10

ALL HAVE NO VILLI

Colon = intestinal glands, lots of goblet cells
Stomach = crypts/glands, surface mucous cells
Esophagus = stratified squamous, submucosal glands

Question 11

Difference between Stomach and Small Intestine?

Answer 11

Stomach = NO VILLI, crypts/glands, surface mucous cells
Intestine = VILLI, intestinal glands, goblet cells