Urinary Passages

Question 1

Tubules within Nephron Function

Answer 1

proximal convoluted tubule = reabsorb nutrients, aa
descending portion = water passively leaves
thin loop of Henle
ascending portion = NaCl reabsorbed into interstitium
distal convoluted tubule = aldosterone dependent
collecting duct = ADH dependent

Question 2

Tubules within Nephron Structure

Answer 2

proximal convoluted tubule = smaller lumen + microvilli
thin loop of Henle = nuclei project into lumen
distal convoluted tubule = larger lumen
collecting duct = distinct borders

Question 3

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Function and Structure

Answer 3

• control salt concentration
• juxtaglomerular cells (secretory vesicles with protease)
• afferent/efferent arterioles

Question 4

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Answer 4

-↑sympathetic, ↓pressure, ↓Na+ on kidney
- release renin + angiotensinogen = AI = AII
- AII = ↑SVR = ↑arterial pressure = ↑blood volume
- AII = brain –> ADH –> kidney
- AII = adrenal cortex –> aldosterone –> kidney

Question 5

Proximal convoluted tubule cells

Answer 5

• brush border
• basal infoldings = facilitate transport water, glucose

Question 6

Papillary ducts

Answer 6

• columnar epithelium open at tip of renal papillae

Question 7

Ureter Structure

Answer 7

• transitional epithelium
• mucosa + LP + SM (inner longitudinal spiral, outer circular)
• no submucosa or muscularis mucosa

Question 8

Urinary Bladder Structure

Answer 8

• transitional epithelium
• LP + SM bundles in various directions