Paper 0 - Research Methods Flashcards
Types of experiments
Lab, field, natural, quasi
Evaluate a lab experiment
\+High internal validity \+High reliability -Low ecological validity -Artificial -Participants are aware of experiment, demand characteristics
Evaluate a field experiment
+High ecological validity
+Less artificial
-Low external replicability
-Low internal validity
Evaluate a natural experiment
-Low internal validity \+High ecological validity -Low reliability \+Can study ethically ambiguous things -Difficult to generalise
Evaluate a quasi experiment
\+IV doesn't vary \+Easy to compare \+Can be carried out in a lab -Only casual conclusions can be drawn -Lack of random allocation
What’s an extraneous variable
Variables that affect the DV and can be controlled
What’s a confounding variable
Variables that affect the DV that aren’t controlled
What is a H0 hypothesis
Null hypothesis, IV will not affect DV
What is a H1 hypothesis
Experimental hypothesis, IV will affect the DV
What is a directional hypothesis
Predicts a difference and the direction of the effect
What is a non-directional hypothesis
Predicts a difference but not a direction
What is external validity
How it can be generalised
Ecological- other settings
Population- other people
Historical- over time
What is internal validity
How clearly the IV affects the DV
How can validity be checked
Face validity- whether the test appears to measure what it claims
Concurrent validity- testing against another test that is valid
How can validity be improved in research
- Double blind technique
- Standardised instructions
- Operational definitions of observed variables