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Psychology > Paper 0 - Research Methods > Flashcards

Paper 0 - Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Types of experiments

A

Lab, field, natural, quasi

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2
Q

Evaluate a lab experiment

A 
\+High internal validity 
\+High reliability 
-Low ecological validity 
-Artificial 
-Participants are aware of experiment, demand characteristics
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3
Q

Evaluate a field experiment

A

+High ecological validity
+Less artificial
-Low external replicability
-Low internal validity

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4
Q

Evaluate a natural experiment

A 
-Low internal validity 
\+High ecological validity
-Low reliability 
\+Can study ethically ambiguous things
-Difficult to generalise
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5
Q

Evaluate a quasi experiment

A 
\+IV doesn't vary
\+Easy to compare
\+Can be carried out in a lab
-Only casual conclusions can be drawn
-Lack of random allocation
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6
Q

What’s an extraneous variable

A

Variables that affect the DV and can be controlled

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7
Q

What’s a confounding variable

A

Variables that affect the DV that aren’t controlled

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8
Q

What is a H0 hypothesis

A

Null hypothesis, IV will not affect DV

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9
Q

What is a H1 hypothesis

A

Experimental hypothesis, IV will affect the DV

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10
Q

What is a directional hypothesis

A

Predicts a difference and the direction of the effect

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11
Q

What is a non-directional hypothesis

A

Predicts a difference but not a direction

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12
Q

What is external validity

A

How it can be generalised
Ecological- other settings
Population- other people
Historical- over time

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13
Q

What is internal validity

A

How clearly the IV affects the DV

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14
Q

How can validity be checked

A

Face validity- whether the test appears to measure what it claims
Concurrent validity- testing against another test that is valid

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15
Q

How can validity be improved in research

A
  • Double blind technique
  • Standardised instructions
  • Operational definitions of observed variables
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16
Q

What is internal reliability

A

Consistency of results within a test

17
Q

What is external reliability

A

How consistent the results are when performed by other researchers

18
Q

How can reliability be assessed

A

Test-retest

Inter observer

19
Q

How can reliability be improved

A

Training observers

Ensuring behaviour categories are objectively operationalised

20
Q

What are empirical methods

A

Using observation/testing to gain knowledge

21
Q

What is objectivity

A

Measurement not affected by researchers expectations

22
Q

What is falsifiability

A

Possibility that the hypothesis could be false

23
Q

What is peer review

A

Subjecting a piece of research to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the field
Usually used for funding

24
Q

What is content analysis

A

Qualitative data to quantitive data

Creating coding units and tallying how many times they appear

25
Q

Evaluate content analysis

A 
\+detailed and in-depth analysis
\+easy to compare
\+can be placed in a graph 
-Time consuming
-Might miss valuable information 
-Subjective categories
26
Q

What is thematic analysis

A

Simplifying long form content into shorter forms

27
Q

How would you conduct a thematic analysis

A
  • Familiarising with data
  • Generating initial codes
  • Searching for themes
  • Reviewing themes
  • Defining the naming themes
  • Producing the report
28
Q

What is replicability

A

Study will produce the same results if repeated

29
Q

What is a paradigm

A

Shares set of assumptions about a subject

30
Q

What is a paradigm shift

A

A new theory upsets the previous paradigm

31
Q

What are the key features of a science

A
  • Empirical evidence
  • Objectivity
  • Control
  • Hypothesis testing
  • Replication
  • Predictability
32
Q

What is a deductive reasoning

A

Theory -> research

33
Q

What is inductive reasoning

A

Research -> theory

34
Q

What is concurrent validity in research

A

How well a test corresponds with a validated test

35
Q

What is predictive validity

A

How far a test can predict outcomes

36
Q

Write a conclusion

A

As the calculated value is (provided) is (bigger/less) than the critical value (table) at a sig level of p=<0.05 for N= (pp), we can accept the (alternate/null) hypothesis and it can be concluded (statement provided)

37
Q

What is a one tailed test?

A

Directional hypothesis which predicts the effect of the IV on the DV

38
Q

What is a two tailed test?

A

Non directional hypothesis which predicts IV will affect DV but not how

Psychology (6 decks)

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