Paper 1 - Attachment

Question 1

What was Schaffer and Emerson (1964)?

Answer 1

• 60 babies from working class families
• Recorded by mothers
• Followed till they were 18 months
• Visited once a month

Question 2

What did Schaffer and Emerson (1964) find?

Answer 2

• Between 25 and 32 weeks, 50% of the babies showed signs of separation anxiety
• By 40 weeks, 80% of babies had a specific attachment and almost 30% displayed multiple attachments

Question 3

What is reciprocity and interactional synchrony?

Answer 3

• Reciprocity, infants respond to caregivers actions by turn taking
• Interactional synchrony, infants mirror caregivers actions and emotions

Question 4

Who are the researchers behind interactional synchrony

Answer 4

Meltzoff and Moore

Question 5

What is the evaluation for Infant Interactions

Question 6

What is the evaluation for Schaffer and Emerson?

Answer 6

• High ecological validity as conducted in homes
• Measured by mothers and interviewed after so may have social desirability bias
• Low population validity as only taken from Glasgow working homes
• Low historical validity as changes in stay at home dads and working women

Question 7

What was Harlow’s Monkeys (1958)?

Answer 7

• 16 baby monkeys were placed in two conditions
• 1st condition food was provided by wire mother
• 2nd condition food was provided by cloth mother
• Monkeys were then deliberately scared

Question 8

What did Harlow’s Monkeys (1958) find?

Answer 8

-Monkeys cuddled soft mother in both conditions

Question 9

What is the evaluation for Harlow’s Monkeys (1958)?

Answer 9

• Ethical issues as monkeys suffered a lot short and long term and had trouble forming relationships
• High internal validity

Question 10

What was Bowlby’s 44 thieves (1944)?

Answer 10

• Interviewed 44 criminal teenagers for signs of affectionless psychopathy
• Interviewed their families about any prolonged early separations from their mothers

Question 11

What did Bowlby’s 44 thieves (1944) find?

Answer 11

• 14 of the 44 thieves could be described as affectionless psychopaths
• 12 of them had experienced prolonged separation from their mothers in the first 2 years from birth

Question 12

What is the evaluation for Bowlby’s 44 thieves (1944)?

Answer 12

• Bowlby used interviews so may have social desirability bias
• Bowlby did the interviews himself knowing what he hoped to find
• Hilda Lewis (1954) replicated the study using 500 people and found no link