Paper 3 - Issues And Debates Flashcards
Gender bias AO1
Alpha bias- exaggerated diff
Beta bias- minimised diff (Taylor et al- stress)
Androcentrism- Male is the norm, female deviant from norm (Freud)
Universality- all humans are alike
Gender bias AO3 weakness points
-Alpha bias prevents equality /
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Gender bias AO3 positive points
- Beta bias may have made equality easier/ still false info
- Acknowledgement of gender bias makes fair research/ more control of variables
Culture bias AO1
Ethnocentrism- one ethnicity treated as norm
(Ainsworth)
Imposed etic- one culture is applied onto another (Eysenck iq test)
Cultural relativism- behaviour can’t be judged without culture context
Universality- All humans are alike
Culture bias AO3
- creates stereotypes (American iq)
- oversimplified diff between collect and individualistic cultures
- Etic approach flawed as researchers may misinterpret practices/ strength of emic
Freewill vs determinism AO1
Freewill- choice over actions
Biological determinism- determined by genes (bio app) Lorenz
Environmental determinism- determined by enviro (behaviour app) asch
Soft determinism- choice is constrained by external factors
Freewill vs determinism, freewill AO3
- allows for punishment and society to continue
- emphasis individuality
- impossible to scientifically test
Freewill vs determinism, determinism AO3
- Determinism is scientific, IV->DV
- Reductionist approach, does not allow for individuality
- neither bio or enviro can explain behaviour
Nature vs Nurture AO1
Nativist- Renée Baillargeon, pre programmed (memory)
Empiricism- John Locke, tabula rasa (learning theory)
Nature vs nurture AO3
- nature and nurture aren’t separate
- nurture affects nature
- epigenetic show nature nurture interactional/ interactionist approach
Holism vs reductionism AO1
- cultural and social, psychological, biological
- separate components/ simpler levels
Holism vs reductionism AO3
- bio reductionism development of drug studies
- extremist nature/ interactionist approach
- reductionism scientific