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PE > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is on the muscular movement continuum

A

gross/fine

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2
Q

define a gross skill
and a sporting example

A

skills that use a lot of muscles
a shot put

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3
Q

define a fine skills
and a sporting example

A

skill that doesn’t use a lot of muscles
snooker shot or darts

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4
Q

what is on the environment continuum

A

open/closed

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5
Q

define an open skill
and sporting example

A

a skill that is affected my external factors where the environment in continuously changing
pass in football

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6
Q

define a closed skill
and a sporting example

A

skills that are not affected by the environment
free throw

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7
Q

what is on the continuity continuum

A

serial/continous/discrete

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8
Q

define serial skills
and sporting example

A

large group of discrete put together to create one skill
triple jump

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9
Q

define continuous skills
and a sporting example

A

a skill that has no obvious beginning and end
cycling

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10
Q

define a discrete skill
and a sporting example

A

a skill that is brief that have a clear beginning and end
penalty kick in football

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11
Q

what is on the pacing continuum

A

self-paced/externally paced

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12
Q

define a self paced skill
sporting example

A

the performer controls the rate of which the skill in performed
javelin throw

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13
Q

define externally paced skill
sporting example

A

where the the environment controls the rate of which the skill is performed
a floor routine to music

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14
Q

what is on the difficultly continuum

A

simple/complex

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15
Q

define a simple skill
sporting example

A

a skill that takes little to no though process
swimming

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16
Q

define a complex skill
sporting example

A

a skill that takes a lot of thought process
somersault

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17
Q

what is on the organisation continuum

A

low/high

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18
Q

define a low organisation skill
sporting example

A

easy and uncomplicated - easy to split into sub routines
swimming strokes

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19
Q

define a high organisation skill
sporting example

A

sub routines cannot be broken and practice
cartwheel

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20
Q

what is part practice
when is it used
a sporting example

A

working on an isolated sub routine
when task is dangerous
only learning the backswing in tennis

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21
Q

what is whole practice
when is it used
a sporting example

A

skills being taught without being broken into subroutines
when the skill is high organisation

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22
Q

what is whole part whole practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

practicing as a whole then splitting into subroutines then back into the whole
with serial skills
practice different jumps in triple jump

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23
Q

what is progressive part practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

when the skill is leant by parts then put into action - called chaining
complex skills , low organisation skills
triple jump

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24
Q

what is massed practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

when skill is repeated continuously without breaks
highly motivated performers
continuous free throws

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25
Q

what is distributed practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

they have rest in between
used for continuous skills
swimmer swims length then teacher gives feedback

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26
Q

what is fixed practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

specific movement that is performed repeatedly in a stable environment
with closed skills
discus thrower practicing the discus circle

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27
Q

what is varied practice
when is it used
sporting example

A

skill is practiced in many environments
when it is an open skill
hockey team attacking but defence set up differently each time

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28
Q

what is proactive transfer

A

when a skill leant previously affects a skill that is yet to be learnt

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29
Q

what is retroactive transfer

A

when the learning of a skill affects one leant previously

30
Q

what is positive transfer

A

when the learning of one skill helps the learning of another skill

31
Q

what is negative transfer

A

when the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another skill

32
Q

what is bilateral transfer

A

when a skill is learnt on limb and is transferred onto the other

33
Q

how can coach aid positive transfer?

A

making sure the coach understands the difference between the 2 skills
making sure the basics of the first skill are well learned
make sure the demonstrations are clear

34
Q

sporting example of positive transfer

A

the throw in tennis can aid the learning of a throw in cricket

35
Q

when does negative transfer occur?

A

when a skill with the same stimulus requires different response

36
Q

how can a coach avoid negative transfer?

A

making sure the performer knows the differance between the 2 skills
make the training similar to match situations to ensure a more generalised motor programme
give clear demonstrations

37
Q

example of negative transfer

A

squash player may have trouble learning tennis swing as a the wrist flick is different

38
Q

name the 3 learning theories

A

cognitive theory of learning
operant conditioning
observational learning

39
Q

describe operant conditioning

A

trial and error approach
to the correct response a reward is given
reinforces the correct response

40
Q

describe cognitive theory of learning

A

skills are learnt best when the skill is performed as a whole
learner must think and understand the skill as a whole
learner will use previous experience as a tool to aid them learn the skill to plan a solution

41
Q

describe observational theory of learning

A

behaviour of role models will be copied if they are of higher status or the same gender
it is a form of visual guidance
demonstration is presented for the learner copy

42
Q

3 stages of learning

A

cognitive
associative
autonomous

43
Q

describe a cognitive learner

A

tries to create a mental picture
demos are vital
teachers to not info overload
trial and error needed
performance will be inconsistent, lack co-ordination, full of errors

44
Q

describe an associative learner

A

attends to relevant cues
practice stage
fewer errors
leaner learns how to used internal feedback
detailed verbal feedback is given

45
Q

describe an autonomous learner

A

execute skill with little to no thought process
they can concentrate on other factors like where can they hit the ball based on the opponents place, and not on how to hold the grip or perform the skill

46
Q

name 4 types of guidance

A

verbal
visual
mechanical
manual

47
Q

2 advantages of verbal guidance

A

simple and quick
easy to reinforce good movements

48
Q

2 negatives of verbal guidance

A

can be too quick
can lead to an information overload

49
Q

2 advantages of visual guidance

A

quick
easy to create mental image

50
Q

2 negatives of visual guidance

A

if demo is wrong it can lead to the performer also getting the skill wrong
can be too quick

51
Q

2 advantages of mechanical and manual guidance

A

helps with confidence
helps create K feel
can help to isolate a skill

52
Q

2 disadvantages of mechanical and manual guidance

A

can be over restrictive
can lead to false K feel

53
Q

name the 6 types of feedback

A

intrinsic/extrinsic
positive/negative
knowledge of results
knowledge of performance

54
Q

what is intrinsic feedback
give sporting example

A

you know if it went well internally due to it feeling correct
whether or not you have hit the ball out the middle of the bat in cricket

55
Q

what is extrinsic feedback
give sporting example

A

it is from an external source like a teacher
the coach saying you need to point your toes in a pike dive

56
Q

what is positive feedback

A

praise is received by a coach when performed a skill well

57
Q

what is negative feedback

A

given when you have performed badly or wrong
coach telling you had a bad pass

58
Q

what is KOP
give sporting example

A

a coach telling you you did well or you know internally that you have done well

59
Q

what is knowledge of results
give sporting examples

A

knowing you did well based off of the result
a shot was good because it went in

60
Q

2 advantages of intrinsic feedback

A

occurs immediately
don’t have to rely on anyone

61
Q

negative of intrinsic feedback

A

if still in the cognitive stage won’t be good

62
Q

advantage of extrinsic feedback

A

coaching points can lead to improvements

63
Q

2 disadvantages of extrinsic feedback

A

inaccurate feedback is bad
source could be unreliable
doesn’t encourage kinathesis

64
Q

2 advantages for positive feedback

A

reinforcement of sr bonds
extremely motivating
increases confidence

65
Q

2 disadvantages for positive feedback

A

can lead to wrong sr bonds being strengthened
some may ignore praise

66
Q

2 advantages for negative feedback

A

good for elite level athletes
good for direct improvement
can increase motivation

67
Q

2 negatives for negative feedback

A

can demotivate beginners
can be detrimental to learning

68
Q

advantage of KOP

A

allows to know what good performance feels like
can motivate

69
Q

disadvantage of KOP

A

may demotivate if not done well

70
Q

advantage of KOR

A

allows to see the outcome
can motivate

71
Q

disadvantage of KOR

A

can demotivate

PE (7 decks)

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