Paper 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Describe how nuclear fission is a chain reaction
Neutrons traveling at high velocity are absorbed by large nuclei. The nucleus goes through fission and emits neutrons, which collide with other nuclei, causing the process to repeat and resulting in a chain reaction.
What is the property of plastic that allows it to become statically charged?
Insulator.
Define pressure
The amount of force that is being applied over a unit area.
Explain why there is a wire connecting the mast to earth
Electrons move through the wire to/from earth because they are attracted to opposite charges, making the charge equal.
Describe how no earth wire is a hazard
It can cause a discharge when touched because the current is flowing through the person, potentially leading to electrocution.
What is the main method of energy transfer from power station to grid?
Electrical working.
Define power
The rate of energy transfer per unit time.
Explain a hazard of ultraviolet radiation to the human body
It causes mutation, leading to skin cancer or blindness.
Describe how the info on the table shows that the transformer is a step up/down transformer
Voltage increases/decreases and current decreases/increases.
How to obtain power for specific heat capacity 5/6 marker on experiment
Power using an ammeter and a voltmeter to find the current and voltage. Use the equation power = current × voltage.
State differences between sound and light waves
Light is faster than sound. Light is transverse; sound is longitudinal. Light can travel through a vacuum; sound cannot.
State what is meant by non-renewable energy
The source will eventually run out.
Explain how an oscilloscope can be adjusted to show fewer wave cycles
Adjust the timebase by decreasing the amount of time it shows.
What are the characteristics of different states that you can talk about?
Forces of attraction, proximity of particles, movement of the particles, and how much energy the particles have.
For solids, state the strength of the forces of attraction, how close the particles are together and how the particles move
Forces of attraction are strong. Proximity of particles are close together in fixed positions. Movement of particles do not move; they vibrate instead.
For liquids, state the strength of the forces of attraction, how close the particles are together and how the particles move
Forces of attraction are weak. Proximity of particles are close together. Movement of particles randomly slide over each other at low speeds.
For gases, state the strength of the forces of attraction, how close the particles are together and how the particles move
Forces of attraction are weak. Proximity of particles are random and far apart. Movement of particles in random directions at high speeds.
What is particle theory?
The idea that gases consist of very small particles. Particles are constantly moving in random directions and don’t take up much space.
What rule does the particle theory state about the energy of gases?
The amount of energy in a particle’s kinetic energy store is proportional to the particle’s temperature.
Explain in terms of particles what is happening on the temp/time graph when the line is horizontal
Horizontal represents changes in state. The particles are gaining energy and transitioning from one state to another, changing how they move based on the state.
Suggest why the non-horizontal lines on a temp/time graph are different gradients
Different states have different temperature changes in the same time because they have different specific heat capacities.
What happens to temperature during changes of state?
It stays constant. The energy is used to break/form bonds instead of changing temperature.
What is the name of the change of state from solid to gas?
Sublimation.
What is the name for the change of state from gas to solid?
Deposition.
