Paper-2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What was John Swales (1990) big ideas? (6 marks)
- A broadly agreed set of common goals
- A way of intercommunication
- Provides information and feedback
- Covers a particular topic area (sometimes called genre)
- Has some specialist lexis
- Has a maximum number of members, who provide suitable content and some expertise
What did Max Atkinson look at?
Looks at how power is used in politics
What did Max Atkinson find?
They used linguistic manipulation as a distinctive feature of political rhetoric.
They had 3 main methods: allusion, metonymy and metaphor
What did Jenny Cheshire find (1997)?
Found the use of ‘them’ demonstrative was used by 97.7% of people in a national survey
What is multiple negotiation?
When a sentence or utterance contains more than one negative eg: aren’t, isn’t, is not
What is plural marking?
The method of making a single noun into a plural form
What is unmarked plurality?
When a single form of a noun is used rather than a plural
What did John Swales (1990) conduct research on.
He conducted research on discourse community’s
What is common in the north Midlands?
Sorry I were late
The replacement of the verb ‘was’ by ‘were’ is common. Such as dialects used in the past tense. Therefore the verb is unmarked by a person.
Name the 6 theories of Deborah Tannen’s 1990 difference theory
🔸status vs support 🔸independence vs intimacy 🔸advice vs understanding 🔸informations vs feelings 🔸order vs proposals 🔸conflict vs compromise
What is meant by status vs support
💙 - use language in order to convey dominance, superiority and a sense of being competitive
💖- use language in order to gain stability, assurance and support.
What is meant by independence vs intimacy
💙- not centred about building and intimate relationship
💖- seek intimacy due to being insecure
What is meant by advice vs understanding?
💙- men take complaints as a challenge
💖- women want sympathy
What is meant by informations vs feelings?
💙- men are concise and direct. They are explicitly and open, they can arrange things quickly.
💖- women can talk on the phone for ages. They are discrete and blunt, offering closed responses.
What is meant by order vs proposal?
💖- women use interactive and tag questions, suggesting something.
💙 - men are more direct and explicit when making proposals and decisions.
What is meant by conflict vs compromise?
💙- men are more confident in vocalising their opinions.
💖-women are submissive in meetings, but will moan after
What is meant by unmarked by person?
When a subject/verb is not met
Where is plural marking most commonly found?
Yorkshire dialect
What did Jane pilkington find?
💖- more positive politeness strategies in female talk
💙- more complimentary and supportive talk in men
Name a strength and weakness of Jane pilkingtons study?
✅- done over 9 months therefore it’s more reliable
✖️- in a bakery, so it’s a untrue representative I’d make behaviour.
What did Jane pilkington find?
💖- more positive politeness strategies in female talk
💙- more complimentary and supportive talk in men
Name a strength and weakness of Jane pilkingtons study?
✅- done over 9 months therefore it’s more reliable
✖️- in a bakery, so it’s a untrue representative I’d make behaviour.
