Paper 2 Case Studies Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is the case study for urban growth?
MUMBAI
What is the importance of Mumbai’s location?
-located on western coast of India
-estimated population of 20 million people
-India’s biggest city
What is the regional importance of Mumbai?
-3 million people commute there for work
-population is constantly growing
-city contributes to 40% of total income of whole state of Maharashtra
-Hi-tech industry is growing
What is the national importance of Mumbai?
-one of the world’s most densely populated cities
-responsible for 70% of India’s maritime trade
-the reserve bank of India is located in Mumbai
-it has the highest % of internet access of any Indian city
-it is a transport hub with links to major cities in India
What is the international importance of Mumbai?
-receives the largest amount of foreign investment than any other city in India
-tourism industry is booming
Why is Mumbai growing?
Natural Increase
-birth rates are higher than death rates
-fertility rate of 2 per woman
-grows 5% every year (1mil more)
Migration
-pull factors (educational opportunities, better healthcare, services, friends and family, higher paid jobs)
-push factors (education, health is worse, jobs in agriculture pay less, young people no longer like farming- hard work and low pay).
What are Mumbai’s social opportunities?
Healthcare and education
-more hospitals than any urban area in India
-hospital admits over 60,000 patients each year
-many primary and secondary schools
-has a world-renowned uni
-literacy rate of 89.7%
Water supply
-lots of pressure on water
-plan to extent access to water
-pressure on sewage systems
-hundreds of people share a single toilet
-‘Mumbai Slum Sanitation project’ aims to improve facilities.
Energy
-squatter settlements don’t have access to electricity.
-however now there are more electricity connections and making them legal and safe for sq set in Mumbai
What are Mumbai’s economic opportunities?
Commercial and financial capital of India
-largest number of TNC headquarters in Asia
-many tech industries
-demand for goods and services, creating jobs
-many headquarters for big Indian companies
How do squatter settlements create challenges caused by urban growth in Mumbai?
-overcrowded blocks- very cheap
-they have grown fast in Mumbai
-has 1.2 million people in 1 square mile
-lies on 2 railway lines- used to be a rubbish tip
-no road signs
-challenging conditions
-live by open sewers and play by waste
-freshwater is supplied at 5.30am for 2 hours
-water is rationed
-life expectancy is under 60 years old.
How does not having clean water, sanitation and energy create challenges caused by urban growth in Mumbai?
-60% of population rely on communal taps.
-open sewers and polluted streams give health risks
-1 toilet per 1000 people
-factories heavily pollute river and sewage is dumped there daily
-recycling is common, but jobs provided are unofficial
-jobs pay very low wages
How does not having access to services create challenges caused by urban growth in Mumbai?
Health and education services are put under more pressure.
-many schools are overcrowded
-shortage of teachers
-many children must work to support family
How does unemployment and crime create challenges caused by urban growth in Mumbai?
-rapid urbanisation is causing unemployment
-economic growth is not fast enough to create enough jobs
-there is a shortage of skilled workers
-many people work in dangerous conditions
-crime rates are very high
-nearly 1/3 of pop are victims of crime
-fraud and cyber-crime are widespread
How do environmental issues create challenges caused by urban growth in Mumbai?
-millions of tonnes of waste enter the Mithi River every year
-waste disposal is poor
-water pipes run near sewers- contamination and diseases spread
-produces lots of air pollution
-traffic congestion is high
-people are dependent on public transport
-urban bus and train networks don’t have a big enough capacity to meet the needs of the city.
-deaths are caused by crossing tracks, cables and hanging from windows.
How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Mumbai?
improves squatter settlements
‘Vision Mumbai’ is a plan to improve Dharavi:
-construction of sewage treatment and water recycling
-street lighting and communal areas
-solar panels on roofs for electricity
-CCTV to improve security
-pedestrianised areas
what is the case study for the change in UK cities?
BIRMINGHAM
what situation is Birmingham in? (location and importance)
-has many unique industries
-canals to transport bulky goods
-workers migrated to city from 1830s
-city in the west midlands-central
-2nd most populous city in UK
What is Birmingham’s economic role in the West Midlands?
-sourcing raw materials and distributing it for manufacturing
-central hub for the national canal network
-industrial area which was rich in coal and iron, fueling industries
-motorways reinforced its central role in the national network
What is the national importance of Birmingham?
-most centrally located city in UK
-serves as terminal routes from London to Midlands
-M1- first motorway built in the UK in 1959
-airport offers direct connections to 150 destinations
What is the global importance of Birmingham?
-canal exceeds Venice
-has Europe’s largest public library
-diverse cultural experiences
-music venues
-manufacturing and financial centre
-has many top-tier restaurants
-has 3 world-renowned Unis
How is migration changing Birmingham?
Causes:
-students come to study at unis
-in some areas lower housing prices
-religious institutions and community centres.
Influences:
-affordable houses
-variety of shops, services and places of worship
-area of young population
-ethnically diverse
-variety of services
Why is there inequality in Birmingham?
-rapid economic and population changes- high deprivation areas
-globalisation and de-industrialisation- job losses in central areas
-people with limited qualifications find it harder to secure jobs
What are Birmingham’s Opportunities
Education and Culture
-5 unis
-youthful population
-well educated
-BioHub for medical research
-historical and cultural places - Hippodrome, museums, NEC, ICC and symphony hall bring in tourists.
-big shopping centre- Bull Ring
Integrated Transport System
-2014 plan to integrate transport (rail, bus and tram services)
-new train system
-improve physical environment
-cycleways and walkways
Grand central- world-class station
HS2- high speed rail cut 30 mins out of journey time from Brum to London
‘Birmingham green Vision’
-plant trees and greenways
-green roofs and walls
-walkways and cycleways
-parks and recreational spaces
How has Urban Deprivation in Birmingham caused challenges?
-declining industry leading to brownfield sites- spiral of decline from loss of industry
-heavily clustered around the city centre
How has Environmental Challenges in Birmingham caused challenges?
-air pollution is a major problem due to vehicles and heating systems
-new cycle routes should encourage cycling instead of emitting harmful gases from traffic and vehicles
