Paper 2- Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
(20 cards)
Molecular formula shows…
The actual number of atoms each element in one molecule of a compound
Empirical formula shows…
The simplest whole number ration of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule that is responsible for the characteristics of that molecule
What is a homologus series?
A family of organic compounds with the same functional group but different carbon chain lengths
What are the 4 characteristics of a functional group?
Show a gradual change in physical properties
Differ by CH2
React in a similar way
Have the same functional group
C=C is the functional group for which homologus series
Alkenes
-OH is the functional group for which homologus series?
Alcohols
-CHO is the functional group for which homologus series?
Aldehydes
-CO- is the functional group for which homologus series?
Ketones
-COOH is the functional group for which homologus series?
Carboxylic acids
On which carbon is the aldehyde group always?
Carbon 1
Define structural isomerism
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
What is chain isomerism?
Straight chain or branched chain molecules
What is positional isomerism?
Same molecular formula but functional group attached to main chain at different positions
What is functional group isomerism?
Same molecular formula but different functional group
What is the only functional group isomer of an alcohol?
An ether
What is the only functional group isomer of an alkene?
A cycloalkane
Define stereoisomerism
Molecules with the same molecular and structural formula but different arrangements in space
When does geometrical isomerism occur?
When an alkene had 2 different groups attached to each end of the C=C bond
What do you compare to decide if a molecule is the E or Z isomer?
Atom with highest atomic number. Find priority per carbon atom
