paper 3 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the two characteristics of observations as a research method?
- Overt or covert
- Participant or non-participant
Observations can be structured in various ways depending on the research context.
What are the different types of interviews used in research?
- Unstructured
- Semi-structured
- Structured
- Focus groups
Each type of interview varies in the level of flexibility and control over the conversation.
What are the types of sampling methods mentioned?
- Convenience/Opportunity
- Volunteer
- Random
- Snowball
- Stratified
- Purposive
Each sampling method has different implications for the representativeness of the sample.
List the ethical considerations applied in the study.
- Informed Consent
- Protection from harm
- Debriefing
- Anonymity
- Confidentiality
- Rights to withdraw
- Deception
- Approval from ethics committee
Ethical considerations are crucial for the integrity of the research process.
What ethical considerations should be taken into account when reporting results?
- Informed consent/Debriefing
- Right to withdraw data
- Approval from ethics committee
- Anonymity
- Objectivity
- Disclosure
- Effects of reporting findings
These considerations ensure the ethical dissemination of research findings.
True or False: Generalization refers to the ability to apply findings to a wider population.
True
Generalization is important for establishing the broader applicability of research results.
What is credibility in qualitative research?
The believability and trustworthiness of a study’s findings
Credibility is established through alignment with participants’ perceptions and experiences.
What methods can researchers use to ensure credibility?
- External validity
- Internal validity
- Methodological triangulation
- Theoretical triangulation
- Researcher triangulation
- Reflexivity
- Peer review
These methods enhance the trustworthiness of the research findings.
How can a researcher avoid bias in qualitative research?
- Use reflexivity
- Employ multiple researchers
- Maintain a decision trail
- Include member checking
- Use iterative questioning
These strategies help mitigate personal biases that could affect the study’s outcomes.
What is social desirability bias?
When participants give answers they believe are socially acceptable rather than their true thoughts
This bias can distort the validity of the data collected.
What sampling method can reduce sampling bias?
Random sampling
Random sampling ensures that every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected.
What is transferability in qualitative research?
The ability to apply findings from a study to different settings or populations
This concept emphasizes the relevance of findings beyond the immediate context of the study.
What is the role of member checking in qualitative research?
To share data and interpretations with participants for validation
This process allows participants to clarify their intentions and correct any errors.
What is ecological validity?
The extent to which findings can be generalized to real-life situations
High ecological validity indicates that the study’s conditions mimic real-world scenarios.
What is the significance of a double-blind technique?
To minimize bias by keeping both participants and researchers unaware of group assignments
This method helps reduce the influence of expectations on the results.
